"MISSING LINKS" MILLER 433 



preserve anything they might find. Upon one of my subsequent -visits to the 

 pit, one of the men handed to me a small portion of an unusually thick human 

 parietal bone. I immediately made a search, but could find nothing more, nor 

 had the men noticed anything else. The bed is full of tabular pieces of iron- 

 stone closely resembling this piece of skull in color and thickness, and, although 

 I made many subsequent searches, I could not hear of any further find nor dis- 

 cover anything — in fact, the bed seemed to be quite unfossiliferous. It was 

 not until some years later, in the autumn of 1911, on a visit to the spot, that 

 I picked up, among the rain-washed spoil heaps of the gravel pit, another and 

 larger piece belonging to the frontal region of the same skull, including a por- 

 tion of the left superciliary ridge. As I had examined a cast of tlie Heidel- 

 berg jaw, it occurred to me that the proportions of this skull were similar to 

 those of that specimen. I accordingly took it to Dr. A. Smith Woodward at 

 the British Museum (Natural History) for comparison and determination. He 

 was immediately impressed with the importance of the discovery, and we de- 

 cided to employ labor and to make a systematic search among the spoil heaps 

 and gravel as soon as the floods had abated, for the gravel pit is more or less 

 under water during five or six months of the year. We accordingly gave up as 

 much time as we could spare since last spring (1912), and completely turned 

 over and sifted what spoil material remained ; we also dug up and sifted such 

 portion of the gi'avel as had been left undisturbed by the workmen. . . . Con- 

 sidering the amount of material excavated and sifted by us, the specimens dis- 

 covered were numerically small and localized. Apparently the whole or greater 

 portion of the human skuU had been shattered by the workmen, who had 

 thrown away the pieces unnoticed. Of these we recovered from the spoil heaps 

 as many fragments as possible. In a somewhat deeper depression of the undis- 

 turbed gravel I found the right half of a human mandible. So far as I could 

 judge, guiding myself by the position of a tree 3 or 4 yardsi away, the spot was 

 identical with that upon which the men were at work when the first portion 

 of the cranium was found several years ago. Doctor Woodward also dug up 

 a small portion of the occipital bone of the skull from witliin a yard of the 

 point where the jaw was discovered and at precisely the same level. The jaw 

 api>eared to have been broken at the symphysis and abraded, perhaps when it 

 lay fixed in the gravel and before its complete deposition. The fragmentsi of 

 cranium show little or no sign of rolling or other abrasion, save an incision 

 at the back of the parietal, probably caused by a workman's pick. . . . Besides 

 the human remains, we found two small broken pieces of a molar tooth of a 

 rather early Pliocene type of elephant, also a much-rolled cusp of a molar of 

 mastodon, portions of two teeth of hippopotamus, and two molar teeth of a 

 Pleistocene beaver. In the adjacent field to the west, on the surface close to 

 the hedge dividing it from the gravel bed, we found portions of a red deer's 

 antler and the tooth of a Pleistocene horse. These may have been tlirown 

 away by the workmen or may have been turned up by a plow which traversed 

 the upper strata of the continuation of this gravel bed. Among the fragments 

 of bone found in the spoil heaps occurred part of a deer's metatarsal, split 

 longitudinally. This bone bears upon its surface certain small cuts and 

 scratches, which appear to have been made by man. All the specimens are 

 highly mineralized with iron oxide. 



The first description of the Piltdown dawn man was read by Sir 

 Arthur Smith Woodward at a meeting of the Geological Society of 

 London on December 18, 1912. It was published in the Quarterly 

 Journal of the society. (Vol. 69, pp. 117-151, April 25, 1913.) 

 Regarding the skull and jaw as parts of one individual, the author 



