438 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19 28 



species of this genus or family as close as those with the champanzees, if not 

 even closer. A theory that the Eoanthropus may have evolved from such apes 

 as represented by the Bohnerz molars, and that perhaps all man's evolution 

 took place in vpestern Europe, is a very seductive one and may possibly prove 

 true, but it would be premature to give undue weight to this hypothesis. 



The opinions which we have thus far been considering pertain 

 chiefly if not entirely to the material described by Dawson and Smith 

 Woodward in their first paper. We may now turn to those which 

 specifically pertain to the later finds. 



The next discoveries at Piltdown date from the summer of 1913. 

 About them Mr. Dawson writes (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, 

 vol. 70, p. 85, April 25, 1914) : 



While our laborer was digging the disturbed gravel within 2 or 3 feet from 

 the spot where the mandible was found, I saw two human nasal bones lying 

 together with the remains of a turbinated bone beneath them in situ. The 

 turbinal, however, was in such bad condition that it fell apart on being 

 touched and had to be recovered in fragments by the sieve ; but it has been 

 pieced together satisfactorily by Mrs. Smith Woodward. 



All the gravel in situ excavated within a radius of 5 yards of the spot 

 where the mandible was found was set apart and searched with especial care, 

 and was finally washed and strewn as before mentioned. It was in this spread 

 that Father Teilhard de Chardin, who worked with us three days last sum- 

 mer, on August 30, 1913, discovered the canine tooth of Eoanthropus, hereafter 

 described. 



Dawson died in 1916. On February 28, 1917, Sir Arthur Smith 

 Woodward read before the Geological Society of London a paper 

 entitled " Fourth Note on the Piltdown Gravel, with Evidence of 

 a Second Skull of Eoanthropus dawsonV In it he described the 

 third set of Piltdown finds — namely, a left first lower molar tooth, 

 a skull fragment from the supraorbital region of the right frontal 

 bone adjacent to the middle line, and a small piece of the middle part 

 of an occipital bone. The tooth and the piece of frontal were parts 

 not represented among the previously known fragments; the piece 

 of occipital duplicated a part of the original find, thus demonstrat- 

 ing the existence of a second skidl. The circumstances of this dis- 

 covery and the conclusions drawn from them are told as follows: 



One large field, about 2 miles from the Piltdown pit, had especially attracted 

 Mr. Dawson's attention, and he and I examined it several times without 

 success during the spring and autumn of 1914. When, however, in the course 

 of farming, the stones had been raked off the ground and brought together 

 into heaps, Mr. Dawson was able to search the material more satisfactorily 

 and early in 1915 he was so fortunate as to find here two well-fossilized pieces 

 of human skull and a molar tooth, which he immediately recognized as belong- 

 ing to at least one more individual of Eoanthropus dawsoni. . . . From the 

 new facts now described it seems reasonable to conclude that Eoanthropus 

 daxosoni will eventually prove to be as definite and distinct a form of early man 

 as was at first supposed, for the occurrence of the same type of frontal bone 

 with the same type of lower molar in two separate localities adds to the 

 probability that they belonged to one and the same species (pp. 3, 6). 



