"MISSING LINKS" MILLER 445 



The presence of a hitherto unknown ape in England in the Pleisto- 

 cene would not be in any way extraordinary (Boule). 



(18) 



Admitting that all the parts pertain to one creature, this is — 



(a) A direct ancestor of modern man (Sutcliffe). 



(b) A direct ancestor of Neanderthal man (Pilgrim). 



(c) A representative of a line not leading to modern man or to 

 Neanderthal man (Keith, Osborn, Smith). 



(d) A missing link between man and the higher apes (Dawkins, 

 Lankester). 



(19) 



The brain case of which the original fragments formed a part 

 was essentially the same as that of modern man in both form and 

 capacity, the latter about 1,400 cc. or more (Keith). 



The brain case of which the original fragments formed a part was 

 in general similar to that of modern man, but was lower, broader, 

 and with less capacity, the latter about 1,100 cc. (Woodward). 



The brain case of which the original fragments formed a part waa 

 unlike that of modern man in its remarkable breadth and small 

 capacity (about 1,170 cc.) ; it differed, moreover, in details of struc- 

 ture which make it fall into harmony with the chimpanzee-like jaw 

 (Smith and Hunter). 



(20) 



Eoanthrojms is a valid genus distinct from Ho?)io, and the name 

 is appropriate because the creature lived at humanity's dawn (Wood- 

 ward and mo.st writers who accept the association of the fossils as 

 parts of one individual). 



Eoanthropus is not a valid genus distinct from Iloino, and if it 

 were the name would not be appropriate because a creature living so 

 recently could not pertain to humanity's dawn (Boule, and others). 



CONCLUSION 



Having now reviewed the salient points in the controversy over 

 human " missing links," we are probably in as good position as we are 

 ever likely to be to form a definite opinion about the lessons taught 

 by the discoveries of Dubois and Dawson — that is to say, so long as 

 the specimens which these men found mark the limits of our Imowl- 

 edge. For the intense scrutiny to which the fragments have been 

 subjected seems to have wrung from them the last secrets which 

 they can have held. Two facts, if no others, must be admitted to 

 stand out from the maze of opinion which we have been trying 

 to follow — namely, that these fossils have furnished an unparalleled 



