450 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19 2 8 



Geegobt, William K., aud Hellman, Miix). The crown patterns of fossil and 

 recent human molar teeth and their meaning. Natural History, vol. 26, pp. 

 300-309, figs. 1-9. 1926. 



Haeckel, Ernst. Systematische Phylogenie der Wirbelthiere, part 3, pp. 633, 

 634, 1895. 



Dubois' Pithecanthropus is placed among the great apes (Menschenaf- 

 fen), of which it is said to be the one most resembling man (p. 633) and 

 perhaps belonging to our direct ancestors (p. 634). The femur may be 

 human (p. 633). Haeckel's Pithecanthropus alalus (pp. 601, 641) is a 

 hypothetical ancestral form, 



Haeckex, Ernst. On Our Present Knowledge of the Origin of Man. Ann. Rep. 

 Smithsonian Inst, 1898, pp. 461-480. 1899. A discourse delivered at the 

 Fourth International Congress of Zoologists at Cambridge, England, Aug. 

 26, 1898. Translated from the author's edition in German printed at Bonn, 

 1898. 



" The Pithecanthropus erectus of Dubois is in fact a relic of that extinct 

 group to which as long ago as in 1886 I gave the name Pitheca^ithropus. 

 He is the long-sought ' missing link ' in the chain of the highest primates " 

 (p. 469). 



Hepburn, D. The Trinil Femur {Pithecanthroims erectus) Contrasted with the 

 Femora of Various Savage and Civilized Races. Journ. Anat. Physiol, norm, 

 path., ser. 3, vol. 11, pp. 1-17, figs. 



All charactei's of the femur are within the limits of human variation. 



HiLBER, V. Alter der Pithecanthroims-'&chichien. Centralbl. fiir Mineral. Geol. 

 u. Palaont, Stuttgart, 1921, pp. 149-154, Mar. 1, 1921. 



The age of the deposits is upper Pliocene as originally determined by 

 Dubois. 



Houzfi, E. Le Pithecanthropus erectus. Bull. Soc. Anthrop. Bruxelles, vol. 15, 

 pp. 18-55. 1896. 



Skull, teeth, and femur are all human. It therefore makes no difference 

 whether they pertained to one individual or not (p. 22). 



Hrdli^ka, Ales. The Most Ancient Skeletal Remains of Man. Ann. Rep. Smith- 

 sonian Inst, Append., 1913, pp. 491-552, 1914. 



Pithecanthropus, i>p. 495-501, pis. 2-5, text figs. 1-2. The impression 

 which a comprehensive study of the whole skullcap carries to the observer 

 is that it represents a hitherto-tinknown primate form, which, whatever it 

 may eventually be identified with and whether or not man's direct an- 

 cestor, stands morphologically between man and the known anthropoid 

 apes, fills an important space in the hitherto existing large void between 

 the two, and constitutes a precious document for the natural history of 

 man. . . , The femur plainly belonged to a strong being maintaining erect 

 or near-erect posture and marching mostly or entirely bii)ed, as man 

 (p. 501). 



Jaekel, Otto. [Remarks on Pithecanth7'opus.] Verb. Berl. Gesellsch. An- 

 throp., in Zeitschr. fiir Ethnologie, vol. 27, pp. 747-748, December, 1895. 



No difl3culty in associating the remains as parts of one individual. Taker 

 together they constitute the best transition form known to date. 



Kate, H. ten. [Notice of Dubois' paper in Verslag van het mijnwezen ovex 

 het 3^ kwartaal 1892. Extra bijvoegsel der Javansche Courant No. 10, Bn- 

 tavia, 1893, p. 10 sq.] Nederl. Koloniall Centraalblad, Amsterdam, vol. 1, 

 pp. 82-83, November, 1894. 



The remains are those of an anthropoid. 



