476 ANNUAL EEPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 192 8 



having been observed by Liouville (1913, pp. 3, 33-35) off Peter- 

 mann Island on November 7 and in Matha Bay on January 13, 1909. 



Other schools of humpbacks follow the eastern coa^st of Africa 

 northward past Durban, Inhambane (Mozambique), Angoche Islands, 

 and the Island of Mauritius to the Indian Ocean, but humpbacks have 

 been taken as far north as the southern coast of Arabia and Baluchis- 

 tan. Females with young have been observed in the warm south- 

 ward-flowing Mozambique current as early as June and July in the 

 vicinity of Durban. The southward run to the Antarctic regions 

 commences in August, and the last humpbacks are seen off Linga 

 Linga, Inhambane, in October. (Hinton, 1925, p. 190.) They have 

 been taken off Durban as late as November. Some of these hump- 

 backs spend the Antarctic summer south of Crozet and Kerguelen 

 Islands, as there is little or no evidence to suggest that they form part 

 of the herds that congregate in the vicinity of South Georgia. It is 

 nevertheless true that whalers operating off Cape of Good Hope re- 

 ported seeing humpbacks on a westerly migration. (Hinton, 1925, 

 p. 189.) Humpback whales were seen near the edge of the pack 

 ice in the vicinity of 25° east longitude and 67° south latitude on 

 February 6, 1831, by Biscoe. (Racovitza, 1903, p. 119.) 



A somewhat similar migration occurs along the eastern coast of 

 South America. This takes the humpbacks on their northward run 

 through the "Brazil Banks," a favorite whaling ground about 1774, 

 to the trojjical waters where the young are born. On the downward 

 run to the Falklands they seem to follow the southward-flowing 

 Brazil current. 



From Scammon (1874, p. 43) we learn that he observed during 

 the years 1852 and 1853 that large numbers of humpbacks resorted to 

 the Gulf of Guayaquil, coast of Peru, to calve. The height of the 

 season was during July and August, after which the schools com- 

 menced their southward run along the cold northward-flowing Peru 

 current to the South Shetlands and the waters off Graham Land in 

 the Antarctics. Humpbacks formerly were taken all along the coast 

 of Ecuador and Colombia from Guayaquil to the Bay of Panama. 

 The season along Ecuador began in February, and the whaling 

 vessels worked southward until they reached the Gulf of Guayaquil 

 in June. 



After spending the summer in the icy waters of the Ross Sea and 

 along the pack ice north of Victoria Land the first humpbacks of the 

 season pass the Bay of Islands, New Zealand, on their northward 

 run about the middle of April. (Lillie, 1915, p. 110.) The bulk of 

 the herds pass this locality in May and in early June. The,y proceed 

 northward at least as far as the Kermadecs, the Friendly Islands, the 

 Fiji Islands, and the New Hebrides, and bring forth their young in 

 subtropical seas. Humpbacks with calves are found in the vicinity 



