MIGRATION'S OF WHALES KELLOGG 481 



of Boothia. Markham observed bowheads heading along the inlet 

 into the Gulf of Boothia from which Fury-and-Hecla Strait would 

 be the only southern exit. Richardson observed bowheads in Fox 

 Channel near the shores of Melville Peninsula, in Frozen Strait, 

 and in Hudson Strait. During Parry's stay off the coast of Melville 

 Peninsula bowheads were observed from August 5 to 28, but none 

 were observed going north earlier in the year. From these data 

 it is obvious that females and immature whales have been observed 

 migrating southward on an inside passage and that the sequence 

 of dates for the several intervening localities fits in very well with 

 the postulated route. It is also true that in former years bow- 

 heads were found in Hudson Bay, especially in the vicinity of 

 Southampton Island and near Cape Fullerton (64° N. lat. and 

 86° W. long.) in considerable numbers from July 15 to August 1. 

 (Clark, 1887, p. 18.) The Hudson's Bay Co. at one time operated 

 a fishery on the coast of Eiwillick. It was the opinion of Dr. 

 Robert Brown (1875, p. 81) that the western herds of bowheads 

 were accustomed to pass the winter and bring forth their young 

 in March and April in the broken water off Labrador and Hudson 

 Strait. 



I have been told by Mr. Charles D. Brower of Point Barrow, 

 Alaska, that in the fall of the year the bowheads pass at that point 

 on their southward run from September to November, depending 

 upon ice conditions, and that on the Siberian side of Bering Sea 

 they remain until November. Then the bowheads seem to journey 

 westward toward Wrangell Island, off the Siberian coast. These 

 bowheads spend the winter in drifting or field ice which joins the 

 open water of the Pacific coasts about the Kuril and Aleutian 

 Islands. They occur in the vicinity of St. Paul's Island, Bering 

 Sea, in October. (Scammon, 1874, p. 68.) As the ice breaks in the 

 spring of the year bowheads pass Cape Navarin (62° N. lat.) on 

 the Kamchatkan coast in the latter part of March and Cape Hope 

 on the Alaskan coast in April and May. Bolau (1895, p. 8) re- 

 marks that the North American whalers met with the first whales 

 near the ice at about 60° north latitude and that thej'^ were accus- 

 tomed to follow their prey near the shore along the retreating ice 

 edge. Earlier in the season many bowheads were found near Kara- 

 gin Island south of latitude 59° north on the coast of Kamchatka. 

 The region between St. Lawrence Island and East Cape was likewise 

 favorable for whaling. About the 1st of May bowheads were 

 found in the Gulf of Anadir, and when the ice broke up in Bering 

 Strait early in June they forced their way northward into Bering 

 Sea. Brower's observations show that bowheads pass by Point 

 Barrow, Alaska, from April to June, and that they proceed eastward 

 to the mouth of the MacKenzie, to Bailey Island on Lady Franklin 



