596 



ANNUAL EEPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1928 



show up to six different layers of occupation (Grimaldi, Olha, La 

 Quina, Le Moustier, Krapina, etc.). The density of his remains is 

 greatest in France and Belgium, least in the northeastern limits of his 

 territory and in the mountainous parts, particularly the Alps, Car- 

 pathians, and the Balkan Peninsula. 



The distribution of Neanderthal man in Europe is of much signifi- 

 cance, as will be seen later. 



LIMITS AND DURATION 



The boundaries and duration of the Neanderthal period are those 

 of the Mousterian culture. They may now be delimited with some 



MOUSTERIAH". AURJ6NACIAN CULTURES - EUHOPt 



MOUSTfRIANl 



:;;':;•: aurignacianJ 



FiGDEE 1 



precision, though not finality, by data of a paleontological, geological, 

 and archeological nature. 



PALEONTOLOGY 



Neanderthal man coexisted with a large series of now extinct 

 animals; the question is, how intimately are these forms associated 

 with his coming and going. The Mousterian culture is the culture, 

 essentiall3', of the earlier times of the mammoth, the woolly rhinoc- 

 eros, the cave lion, bear, and hyena, the horse, the old ox, the bison, 

 the reindeer, the stag. There are many other forms, but these are 

 the most characteristic. 



