NEANDERTHAL PHASE OF MAN HEDLI^KA 



605 



entire history of Europe the movements of men have tended always 

 toward " a place in the sun " and away from the cold. 



Such views postulate, next, large numbers of the newcomers to 

 suffice for the vast task. But such large numbers would necessarily 

 mean somewhere near a still larger mother population, and there is 

 no trace, either in western Asia or northern Africa, the only regions 

 from which such invasions at those times would have been practicable, 

 of any such numerous Aurignacian population. 



It is a very serious question whether in paleolithic times, when 

 man was without a tamed animal, without stocks of nonperishable 

 food, dependent wholly on hunting without yet a bow and arrow, 

 and in the imperfect social organization of that time, any large 

 armed invasion would have been feasible. A peaceful extension, 

 on the other hand, would not lead to the annihilation or expulsion 

 of the invaded population, and if small or gradual, would lead to an 

 amalgamation with, rather than the extinction of, the native stock. 

 A complete displacement by any agency is difficult to conceive, and 

 there would remain to be explained the fate of the displaced people. 



It stands to reason that these great difficulties would have to be 

 satisfactorily explained away before there could be a general in- 

 telligent acceptance of an Aurignacian invasion with Mousterian 

 extinction. 



Finally, the coming of a distinct and superior species of people 

 ought to have left a very tangible record on the sequence and nature 

 of the cultural levels of the two stocks. 



As to sequence, 257 of the better-known and recorded Mousterian 

 sites (as recorded by MacCurdy) give, on analysis, the following 

 conditions : 



Sequence of industries 



open stations 



Rock-shelters and 

 caves 



Mousterian topped by— 



(No culture) 



Neolithic 



Magdalenian 



Solutrean 



' ' Paleolithic " 



Aurignacian 



Mousterian, number of stations 



Mousterian reposing on— 



Acheulean - -.. 



C hellean 



(No culture).. 



(54) 



24 



5 



(25) 



Number 

 (15) 

 4 

 9 

 10 

 2 

 39 



44.4 

 9.3 



(46.3) 



(G3) 



4 



3 



(56) 



Per cent 



(18. 9) 



5.1 



11.4 



12.7 



2.5 



49.4 



6.3 



4.8 

 (88. 9) 



The Mousterian culture, in nearly one-half of its stations in the 

 open, follows direct upon the Acheulean; and the Aurignacian, in 

 very nearly one-half of the rock shelters and caves, and in not far 

 from one-third of the stations in the open, follows upon the Mouste- 



