INDIAN COSTUMES KRIEGER 633 



birch the bark cradle is in vogue. On the Pacific Coast various kinds 

 of basketry are used to hold the infants. On the Plains a frame- 

 work supporting a hood of rawhide is attached to the cradle so that 

 if it falls the infant will not be injured. The inventive mind of 

 the Indian mother in each region has been equal to the emergency. 



The cradle of the Sioux (pi. 27) with its peculiar frame and hood 

 is a modification of the more ancient and simple form, and is adapted 

 not only to the carrying of the child upon its mother's back, but also 

 for attachment to the pommel of the saddle. The beadwork, in its 

 material, is derived from the whites, but the style of the ornamenta- 

 tion is purely aboriginal. 



Footgear. — Environmental influences are again noticeable in the 

 use of waterproof boots by the Eskimo. Buckskin moccasins with 

 rawhide soles are fashioned by the Indian tribes of the Plains, pla- 

 teau, eastern woodlands, Yukon-Mackenzie, and Southwestern areas, 

 while the California and Pacific Northwest coast tribes go barefooted. 

 The California Indians did not need footgear, while the Northwest 

 coast tribes found the use of moccasins impractical in their moi,st 

 climate. The tribes of the arid and hot Sonoran region of northern 

 Mexico, and the tribes of Central America generally used a simple 

 sandal instead of the more elaborate moccasin. 



It appears that the sandal was worn mostly in the weaving areas 

 of Mexico and South America, although the tropical forested low- 

 lands of eastern South America and the West Indies and of the 

 southern Gulf States were occupied by Indian tribes not using the 

 sandal. In the region formerly ranged by the American bison 

 (buffalo) west of the Mississippi, also in the temperate pjains area 

 of South America the skin moccasin was used. The tribes of the 

 eastern woodlands used a soft-soled moccasin while the Plains tribes 

 used a sole of stiff rawhide. The soft-soled moccasin is of one piece, 

 while the hard-soled moccasin consists of two pieces. The uppers 

 are of a softer, tanned skin and are sewed with thread of sinew to a 

 hard rawhide sole cut to fit the foot of the wearer but also cut accord- 

 ing to the prevailing tribal style. War parties could be trailed by 

 marks left in the dust by such tribal peculiarities in moccasin shap- 

 ing as the cut or form of the toe section. The Arapaho, Ute, and 

 other Tribes of the southern Plains fashioned a boot-like style of 

 moccasin legging, related to that of the Apache of the Southwest, 

 such as may be seen in Plate 17. Some of the northern tribes of 

 Canada and of Alaska made a form of moccasin leggings of soft 

 tanned skin somewhat like those of the eastern woodlands tribes. 



Dress of the Algonquian-Iroquois area. — The eastern woodland 

 area extends from the Atlantic Ocean to and beyond the Great 

 Lakes. The northern group of this area between the Great Lake,s 



