634 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1928 



and Hudson Bay and eastward includes the Nascapi of Labrador on 

 the north, and the Cree and Montagnais of eastern Canada. The 

 tribes occupying the region surrounding the Great Lakes, such as 

 the Menominee, Ottawa, Wyandot, Neutral, Chippewa, and other 

 central Algonquian tribes, dress in skin clothes, but the northern 

 tribes a,s the Montagnais and Nascapi more fully utilize the skins of 

 animals in their dress and resemble the Eskimo in the ensemble of 

 their costume. 'The men of the northern tribes of this group have a 

 shirt coat, long coat, trousers, leggings, moccasins, and turban. Both 

 men and women of the more southern group, that is, of the central 

 Atlantic coast, wore a cloak, wai,st garment, moccasins, and possibly 

 a breech cloth, while the western tribes about the Great Lakes had 

 a more complete wardrobe. Tlie man wore a robe, long dress shirt, 

 long leggings, moccasins, bandolier bag, and belt. The women 

 clothed themselves in a long dress shirt, short leggings, moccasins, 

 and belt. The Arctic representatives of the Algonquian stock wore 

 a long coat, open in front, short breeches, leggings, moccasins, gloves 

 or mittens, and a cap or headdress. Women of this region withstood 

 the cold garbed in a robe, shirt dress, leggings, moccasins, belt, cap, 

 and sometimes a shoulder mantle. 



In the region surrounding Lake Winnipeg lived the Cree Indians 

 of the Plains and the Plains Chippewa. These were divergent groups 

 of the larger Algonquian stocks occupying the eastern woodland area. 

 Their dress resembled more that of the Plains Indians than that of 

 the woodland tribes speaking their language. 



The Montagnais Indians are typical of the North Atlantic culture 

 area. They are of the Algonquian family and occupy Labrador as 

 far north as Ungava Bay. They live by hunting and fishing. Their 

 dwellings are of skins, not sewed together, but laid on frameworks of 

 poles and held down by trunks of small trees leaned against them 

 outside and by stones piled around the base. The Montagnais dress 

 in deerskin robes, quite like tho,se of the Eskimo, their neighbors, but 

 well made, and decorated with paint rather than embroidery. 



The Indians of Labrador and their neighbors, the Eskimo, are in 

 comparatively close contact, and the painted skin dress of the former 

 is shown in the case (pi. 3) with the fur costume of the latter. 

 The Indians use very large, ahnost elliptical snowshoes (pi. 3), and 

 in their transportation, employ long toboggan sleds and canoes of 

 birch bark. 



Ivdians of the Yukon and Mackeiizie River Vallei/s. — The Tinno 

 live in the northernmost extension of timber toward the Canadian 

 Arctic. They dwell in the interior and come in contact with the 

 Eskimo, who live on the northern coasts, and with the Indians of 

 southern Alaska and northern British Columbia. They wear tanned 



