INDIAN COSTUMES KRIEGER 645 



partly open at the outer sides, breechcloth, leggings reaching to the 

 knees, moccasins, hair tape, and headband. Women's clothing con- 

 sists of a blanket fastened over one shoulder and extending to the 

 knees. A small calico shawl is worn over the blanket and thrown 

 over the shoulders. Legging moccasins and a belt are also worn by 

 the women. Snow moccasins of fur are sometimes worn in winter. 



Because of the protected situation of the ancient cliff dwellings, 

 the ancestral habitations of the Pueblo Indians, numerous perish- 

 able objects illustrating the social and domestic life of the people 

 have been preserved. From these old dwellings, protected as they 

 were under rock shelters, we have recovered yarn, woven cloth, 

 sandals, cord, and basketry in an excellent state of preservation. 

 Some of the ancient pueblo sandals recovered are woven of yucca 

 leaves, either in a diagonal or twined weave. The warp is of yucca 

 leaves, but the woof is cotton fiber. Decorative designs on these 

 ancient examples of footgear are in colors or are applied by the 

 imbrication of basketry materials in loops of twine. The ancient 

 aprons of twine or twisted cord resemble in a way the generalized 

 form of cord apron skirt characteristic of the Pacific coast tribes of 

 historical times. The apron was confined by a girdle but the lower 

 end of the twisted cord was unattached as in the apron of the Hupa. 

 (See pi. 14.) 



Dress of the non-Puehlo THhes of the Southwest. — The Apache 

 and the Navaho are typical examples of the nomadic Athapascan 

 tribes of the Southwest. They are related linguistically with tribes 

 as far north as the Dene of the Yukon and Mackenzie River Valleys 

 of northwest America. Several scattered bands of Athapascans are 

 found in western Oregon and California. The Navaho live in the 

 vicinity of the San Juan and Little Colorado E-ivers while the 

 Apache are widely scattered throughout the area. There are four 

 bands of the Apache, known as the Jicarilla, Mescalero, San Carlos, 

 and White Mountain groups. 



The non-Pueblo tribes, such as the Apache (pi. 15), dress as do the 

 Indians of the Plains in so far as the men are concerned. The Apache 

 women wear a moccasin having a peculiar shield-like oval extension 

 of the stiff sole in front of the toes. Although the Navaho formerly 

 were dressed like the Plains tribes they now have adopted the costume 

 of the Pueblo Indians. The Mohave and the Cocopa of the Sonora- 

 Gila region have a somewhat different dress. The men wear a breech- 

 cloth, sandals, and sometimes a headband, while the women have a 

 waist garment, usually of fringed bark, covering the front and rear. 

 The Pima dress like the Plains tribes, though they formerly wore a 

 cotton robe, waist cloth, and sandals. 



24034—29 42 



