648 ANNUAL EErORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19 2 8 



for 350 years, but, unlike the Navaho herdsmen, have adopted with 

 the greatest reluctance any of the ways of civilization. They dress 

 in skins, but the gradual destruction of game has compelled them 

 to use materials obtained from the whites in their clothing, but they 

 follow the ancient methods and patterns as much as possible. The 

 art of the Apache is best represented in leatherwork and basketry. 

 A number of examples of the former are shown in the exhibit (pi. 17) 

 consisting of saddle pouches, leggings, and an interesting painted 

 mantle supjposed to possess the quality of rendering its wearer in- 

 visible. 



The Mescalero and other Apache women wore a two-piece dress — 

 an upper garment and a skirt. The upper garment was provided 

 with an opening for the head. Two flat pieces of skin dropped 

 from the neck in front and behind, very much like the woven poncho. 

 The skirt extended from the waist to the knees and was of fringed 

 buckskin. The dress of the men was more scanty and consisted of 

 a skin shirt, a breechcloth, legging moccasins, and a robe for winter 

 use. 



The Pima, Maricopa, and Papago Indians, living on the jlower Gila 

 and Salt Rivers in southwestern Arizona, have coalesced to a great 

 extent and are now practically uniform in culture. These tribes 

 formerly made blankets from native cotton which they raised in their 

 fields, but their modern representatives wear a simple breechcloth 

 in summer, to which is added in winter a skin shirt and usually a 

 rabbit-skin robe. Rawhide sandals are usually worn by the Pima, 

 although a softer variety made from buckskin is sometimes used. 



The Mohave men wear only a cincture of the interior bark of the 

 willow or the Cottonwood tree, and the women wear a skirt of the 

 same material reaching to the knees. For the purpose of comfort, 

 as well as for ceremony, they paint their bodies with different colored 

 clays, a custom widely dispersed over the warmer parts of the 

 continent in ancient times. A scarf or handkerchief is worn about 

 the head to confine the hair. White cotton trousers like those of 

 the Pueblo open on the outer sides. They have borrowed this 

 peculiarity from the Spanish, whi|e from the Navaho they have 

 borrowed the use of a type of woven blanket. 



The Papago Indians, like the Mohave, wear a scanty costume and 

 that modified after the European pattern. The men formerly 

 wrapped skins about their loins, and women were clad in fringed 

 petticoats of shredded bark and leaves. The Cocopa Indians like- 

 wise wore little clothing in an environment characterized by a hot 

 and dry climate and restricted animaj life. Simple cord work and 

 weaving for nets and clothing was practiced. Ornaments for head 

 and neck consisted of shell, feathers, and other objects. 



