GEOGRAPHY. 353 



was based upon points located by the Coast and Geodetic Survey. 

 About 3,000 square miles were mapped in the Coast and Cascade ranges 

 and in the volcanic region lying eastof the latter. 



Another division, consisting of one triangulation party and two topo- 

 graphical parties, commenced work near Bozeman, Mont., having in 

 view the mapi)ing of this country about the heads of the Yellowstone 

 and Missouri Eivers and a connection with the triangulation of the old 

 survey under Dr. Hayden, which had been extended from the line of the 

 Union Pacific Railroad northward to the Yellowstone Park. The tri- 

 angulation was expanded from a base measured in 1879, near Bozeman, 

 by the surveys west of the one hundredth meridian. The expansion 

 was effected and several stations occupied in the mountains, but an 

 unusually early winter put a premature stop to all operations, and but 

 little topographical work was done. 



A third division, consisting of one party for triangulation and two for 

 topography, contiuued the work commenced in the preceding year in 

 Western New Mexico and Eastern Arizona. The triangulation was 

 extended to include a very considerable area, and about 1,500 square 

 miles were mapped. 



Congress having authorized the Geological Survey to extend its opera- 

 tions into the older States outside the public domain, work was com- 

 menced this year simultaneously in Western North Carolina, Southern 

 Virginia, and Eastern Kentucky and Tennessee. Four surveying par- 

 ties, including one for carrying on primary triangulation, were organized 

 for this work and have been carrying it on rapidly and satisfactorily. 

 The triangulation was based upon that of the Coast and Geodetic Sur- 

 vey along the Blue Eidge, and was thence extended westward nearly to 

 the Cumberland Mountains, and about 4,000 square miles were mapped, 

 the larger portion of which is in the high mountainous region of North 

 Carolina. It is the intention of the survey' to push the work of this 

 the Southern Appalachian division as rapidly as possible, as it is be- 

 lieved that no section of the country will so amply repay in a directly 

 economic manner the labors of the geologist as this. Its immense 

 resources of coal and iron are just beginning to be known, and its mag- 

 nificent forests of hard and soft wood timber are rapidly assuming 

 great importance in view of the unprecedented destruction of valuable 

 forests in other sections of the country. 



With the view of commencing operations in the Ozark Hills of Arkan- 

 sas and Missouri, a base line was measured at Malvern, Ark., just at the 

 south-western border of the hills, from which work will be carried on 

 quite extensively during the coming year. 



The State geological survey of New Jersey has recently commenced 



a detailed map of that State on a scale of one mile to an inch. The 



ju-imary triangulation is supplied by the Coast and Geodetic Survey. 



The topooraphical work is done with the plane-table; contours are run 



at vertical intervals of ten feet in the flat countrv and twenty feet in 

 H. Mis. 26 23 



