552 SCIENTIFIC RECORD FOR 1882. 



Wurzeln. In the first-named paper he discusses the formation and 

 thickening of the protective sheath and its adaptation to climate and 

 locality ; in the second he states that as a rule there are groups of 

 scheitel cells in phsenogamic roots, four being a frequent number, al- 

 though in Heleocharis palustris there is a single cell, and he denies that 

 in the root there is a distinct plerom in the sense the word was used 

 by Hanstein. A new structure, which he calls the coleorhiza, has been 

 described in the young roots of Eucalyptus by Briosi. The development 

 of the hoftuepfel in Coniferae has been the subject of a controversy be- 

 tween Sanio and Russow in the Centralblatt. Russow's original paper 

 appeared at Dorpat, in 1881, and this paper is the subject of a sharp 

 criticism by Sanio, to which Russow replied. The Annates des Sciences 

 contains French translations of the papers of Russow and Janczewski 

 on the structure and development of sieve-cells, which have been men- 

 tioned by us in reports for previous years. The Annales also contains 

 papers by Tr6cul on large spiral cells in the parenchyma of the leaves 

 of Crinum; by Mangin on the development of spiral cells, and on the 

 origin of adventive roots in Monocotyledons; and a paper by Vesque 

 on the possibility of characterizing species by means of their histo- 

 logical structure, followed by another paper in which he applies this 

 principle to the Capparidacew, and shows that the species and groups 

 classified on an histological basis correspond closely to those formed 

 in the usual manner from morphological characters. In his Anatomie 

 der Baumrinden, Joseph Moeller describes the anatomical structure of 

 the bark of 392 different species of plants. In the third part of his 

 Beitrdge zur Morphologie des Blattes, Goebel treats of the arrangement 

 of the stamens in certain flowers. Under the title of Beitrdge zur 

 allgemeinen Morphologie der Pflanzen, Fr. Schmitz gives to the botanical 

 world miscellaneous matter left by Hanstein, who at the time of his 

 death contemplated writing an extensive work on general morphology. 

 On the subject of vegetable embryology should be mentioned Ludwig 

 Koch's JEntwicTcelung des Samens von Monotropa hypopitys, in the Bot. 

 Zeitung; Guignard's Recherches sur le sac emhryonnaire des Phanerogames 

 angiospermes ; Treub's Notes sur Vembryo, le sac emhryonnaire et Vovule^ 

 in which the species specially studied were Peristylus grandis and Avi- 

 cennia officinalis ; and Bower's "Germination and Embryogeuy of Gne- 

 tum Gnemon,''^ in Quart. Journ. Micros. There has also appeared a work 

 in Danish by N. Wille, on the Development of the Embryo in Euppia ros- 

 tellata and Zannicliellia palustris. 



VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY. 



The principal general work on physiology which has appeared this 

 year is Vorlesungen iiber Pflanzen-Physiologie, by Sachs. The author 

 states in the beginning that he has given up the intention of publish- 

 ing a fifth edition of his Eandbuch, and that the present work is, to a 

 certain extent, a substitute for a new edition of that work. The sub- 



