ZOOLOGY. 619 



Four African species of the type are known. 



(4). Hemisids (Engystomatidae, § lY, Boulenger).— Eirmisternials 

 without teeth in upper jaw, with dilated sacral diapophyses, with pre- 

 coracoids, with the coracoids directed very obliquely backwards aud 

 little dilated toward the epicoracoid cartilage, and with the " supra- 

 scapula" connected by ligament with the "prootic." 



Only one species of this group, inhabiting South Africa, is known. 



IV (1). Dyscophids. — Firmisternials with teeth in upper jaw, with 

 dilated sacral diapophyses (with precoracoids "resting upon cora- 

 coids," and with a cartilaginous omosternunj aud "a very large an- 

 chor-shaped cartilaginous sternum "). 



Two Madagascarene species answer to this definition, but three others 

 have been associated with them, which, if Professor Cope's views are 

 accepted, will require to be differentiated as peculiar family types. 



(2). Galkiellids. — Firmisternials with teeth in upper jaw, with 

 dilated sacral diapophyses (with precoracoids "resting upon cora- 

 coids," without an omosternum and with a small cartilaginous ster- 

 num). 



One species is known — the Calluella guttulata of India, 



(3). Cophijlids. — Firmisternials with teeth in upper jaw, with dilated 

 sacral diapophyses (and without precoracoids). 



The Cophylce of Madagascar (two species) are the only known repre- 

 sentatives. 



Section B. Arcifera. — Phaneroglossates with "coracoids and pre- 

 coracoids connected by an arched cartilage (the epicoracoid), that of 

 the one side overlapping that of the other." 



V (1). Cystignathids. — Arcifers with toothed upper jaw, and sub- 

 cylindric (or little dilated) sacral diapophyses. 



This is a large family, including "arboreal, aquatic, terrestrial, and 

 burrowing types," and numerously represented in South America and 

 Australia; 173 species are enumerated by Mr. Boulenger, although 

 some are doubtful. 



VI (1). Dendrophryniscids.— Arcifers without maxillary teeth, with 

 subcylindric sacral diapophyses. 



Three South American species are alone known. The family has 

 been named Batrachophrynidae by Professor Cope. 



VII (1). Bufonids. — Arcifers without maxillary teeth, with dilated 

 sacral vertebrae (and a broad flat tongue, free behind). 



This family is only equalled in its distribution by the Eanids, and 

 103 species (including a dozen doubtful ones) have been referred to the 

 family by Mr. Boulenger. 



(2). Rhinophrynids. — Arcifers without maxillary teeth, with dilated 

 sacral vertebrae (and with an elongate subtriangulai tongue, free in 

 front). 



This family has been proposed for a Mexican Anuran [RUnophrynm 

 dorsalis), and was contrasted with all the other Anurans on account of its 



