620 SCIENTIFIC RECORD FOR 1882, 



anteriorly free tongue by Dr. Giinther, all the other Phaueroglossates 

 being " opisthoglossate " or with the ''tongue adherent in front, more 

 or less free behind." 



YIII (1). Hylids. — Arcifers with maxillary teeth, dilated sacral dia- 

 pophyses, and claw-shaped terminal phalanges. 



This family is one of the largest and most widely distributed of the 

 Anurans and includes, according to Boulenger, about 180 more or less 

 well known species; these are grouped by that author under ten genera, 

 but many others have been proposed by various authors. 



IX (1). Pelohatids (or Scaphiopodids). — Arcifers with maxillary teeth, 

 dilated sacral diapophyses (the coccyx connate with the sacrum, and 

 with procoelian vertebrae). 



Seven species of Scaphiopiis and two of Pelobates represent this fam- 

 ily, the former in North America and the latter in Europe. 



(2). Pelodytids. — Arcifers with maxillary teeth, dilated sacral diapo- 

 physes (the coccyx articulating with one or two condyles of sacral ver- 

 tebrae, and with procoelian vertebrae.) 



Two species — Pelodytes punctatus of Southern Europe and Batrachop- 

 sis melanopyga of New Guinea — have two sacral condyles, and two others, 

 of the oriental genus LeptohracMum, have only one. Xenophrys having 

 procoelian vertebrae, according to Boulenger, would also belong here, al- 

 though it was associated by Cope with Asterophrydids. 



(3). Asterophrydids. — Arcifers with maxillary teeth, dilated sacral 

 diapophyses (the coccyx connected with one or two condyles or sacral 

 vertebrae, and with opisthoccelian vertebrae). 



Four genera are referred to this family by Professor Cope, but, ac- 

 cording to Mr. Boulenger, only two of them — the Eastern Megalophrys 

 and Papuan Asteroplirys — have its essential characters, i. e., the opis- 

 thoccelian vertebrae. Gryptotis is associated with Cystignathids and 

 Xenophrys with Pelodytids. 



X (1). Discoglossids. — Arcifers with maxillary teeth, dilated sacral 

 diapophyses, precoracoids and coracoid slightly divergent and gen- 

 erally tapering, and with the "sternum" emitting two divergent pro- 

 cesses. 



This well-marked family has four European species and a fifth pecu- 

 liar form {Liopelma Sochstetteri) in New Zealand — a remarkable distri- 

 bution. 



XI (1). Amphignathodontids. — Arcifers with maxillary as well as sim- 

 ilar mandibular teeth, dilated sacral diapophyses, and without an omo- 

 sternum. The Amphignathodon €ruentheri, recently described by Mr. 

 Boulenger, from Ecuador, is the sole known species of this family. 



XII (1). Hemiphraciids, — Arcifers with maxillary as well as pecu- 

 liar mandibular teeth, subcylindrical sacral diapophyses, coracoids and 

 precoracoids parallel, an omosternum, and (in Hemiphractiis at least) 

 opisthoccelian vertebrae, and the coccyx attached to two condyles. 



Three tropical American genera, with eight species, have been re- 



