646 SCIENTIFIC RECORD FOR 1882. 



kits, but uow they are encroaching northward. Mr. Petroff opposes Mr. 

 Ball's view of the origin of the Eskimo, and maintains that they moved 

 southward after the invention of the kyak. {A)n. Xaiuralist^ xxi, 

 pp. 567-575.) 



Our stock of knowledge gained respecting the South American tribes 

 during the past year is exceedingly meager. Mr. Barney says respect- 

 ing the natives of Colombia: "The state of Panama contains about 

 30,000 square miles, one-third of which is uninhabitable; the residue at 

 the conquest (1502-1520) contained about 000,000 inhabitants in various 

 stages of culture, from dwellers in tree tops to a degree of civiliza- 

 tion very much superior to that of Briton at the time of the Eoman 

 conquest." The remainder of Mr. Barney's paper is devoted to the re- 

 cital of the early history of these tribes, but as yet he has not told us a 

 word about the modern Indians. {Am. Antiquarian^ IV, Xos. 3 and 4.) 



The Indians of the oriental province of Ecuador are divided into two 

 great classes, "Indians" and "Infidels" {Ancas^ Infieles). The former 

 all speak Quichua, eat salt, and are semi-Christianized, whereas the 

 latter speak the iliany languages of their various tiibes, do not eat salt, 

 and are not baptized. Among these are the Zaparos, Piojes or Santa 

 Marias, Cotos, Tutapishcus, Anhishiris, Intillamas, Mequanas, Copa- 

 lurcus, Tamburyacus, Pay aquas, Cauranos, Pucabarrancas, Lagarto- 

 Cochas, and Tagsha-Curarais. Most of these, except the first five, are 

 quite unknown, having been met with only on rare occasions by traders 

 and travellers. Some of the names given above may refer to the same 

 tribe. The "Indians" are the Quichua, semi-Christianized people, who 

 formed that portion of the once great Inca nation annexed by the mar- 

 riage of Huayna-Capac with the Scyri princess. Pacha. Mr. A. Simsou 

 has given us a very minute descrii)tion of these Napo Indians. {J. An- 

 throp. Inst, xii, pp. 21-27.) 



Mr. Gatschet has brought together and published notices by several 

 authorities concerning white or light-colored Indians at the sources of 

 the Amazonas, in the Cordilleras of South America. {Ausland, p. 887.) 



VI. — GLOSSOLOGY. 



Mr. Horatio Hale, the ethnologist of the Wilkes Expedition, read a 

 paper before the American Association ui)()n Indian migrations as evi- 

 denced by language. The fundamental proposition is, "The only satis- 

 factory evidence of the affiliation or direct relationship of two commu- 

 nities, apart from authentic historical records, is their speech." When 

 the evidence of language has satisfied us of the relationship of two 

 peoples, the next inquiry is, Which was the ancestral stock? Is the 

 connection that of brotherhood derived from a common ancestry? 

 Taking language as the guide, Mr. Hale seeks to track the wander- 

 ings of the Huron-Iroquois stock, or, as he prefers, the Huron-Cherokee 

 stock. The constant tradition of the Iroquois represents their ancestors 

 as emigrants from the reciou nortli of the great lakes. To test this 



