GEOGRAPHY. 565 



Simouin, Micbel. It would be of the greatest benefit to this country if 

 a society co-ordinate with the Geographical Society of Paris, having its 

 headquarters at Washington, could arrange for a course of lectures by 

 some of the coufreres in this country of the above-named gentlemen. 



Under the title of O'Explorador (the Explorer), a Portuguese journal 

 commenced its appearance with the first of the year at Lisbon. It ap- 

 l>ears twice a month, and will chronicle the advance of science in all its 

 branches, but especially that of geography and travel. 



In March appeared the first number of the Scottish Geographical Mag- 

 azine, the organ of the new Scottish Geographical Society. It aims at 

 being much more than the organ of the society, however. 



At the March meeting of the Geographical Society of Paris, Mr. 

 Charles Eabot described the results of the mission with which he was 

 charged by the minister of public instruction to explore Northern Fin- 

 land and Eussian Lapland. He explained especially the valleys of the 

 Pasvig and Talom, as well as Lake Enara. It has hitherto always been 

 believed that the highest mountain in Sweden was Sulitjelma, on the 

 Norwegian frontier, in latitude 67° 16' north, and belonging as much to 

 Norway as to Sweden, the height of which is a little more than 6,000 

 feet. In 1884 the topographical surveyor of the province of Norrland 

 found that another mountain, viz, Sarjektj^kko, 6,760 feet in Swedish. 

 Lapland, was higher than Sulitjelma ; but now it has been discovered 

 that neither is this mountain the highest in Sweden. Bucht Svenonius 

 and Mr. Kabot state that the honor belongs to Kebnekaisse, latitude 

 68°, also in that province, the height of which has been ascertained to 

 be 6,940 feet above the level of the sea. In the same neighborhood is 

 Kaskasatjokko, 6,800 feet. The observations of Mr. Eabot in the 

 mountainous area of Store Baergefjeld, in Nordland, Arctic Norway, 

 represented on the best charts as occupied by an immense continuous 

 glacier field, show that it has been wholly misunderstood. There is no 

 primary glacier, but merely seven secondary glaciers, isolated in ravines, 

 and hardly passing beyond the stage of n6v6. Eabot afterward made 

 explorations in the Kola peninsula of Eussian Finland, determining the 

 existence of three distinct chains of mountains between the Polar and 

 White Seas, which reach a heigbt of more than 3,000 feet. The country 

 has hitherto been charted as a sort of plain, broken merely by lakes and 

 low hills. The area between the ranges is level, and trees of good size 

 and form reach latitude 68° 50'; beyond they extend some distance, 

 but do not exceed 12 or 15 feet in height. 



In the " Elementiir liirooarken " (classical schools) of Sweden, geog- 

 rapliy has hitherto been classed as an appendix to history, and at the 

 "Loktor" (candidate) examinations in history and geography, questions 

 are only asked about the former. At the congress of teachers held in 

 Stockholm last year, a resolution was adopted to the effect that geog- 

 ra[)hy ought to form a separate study of the school education. 



A somewhat amusing quarrel has arisen between the parishes of 



