CHEMISTRY. 645 



In other cases a notable elevation of boiling point ensues when c'hlo- 

 rine is replaced by ethoxyl. 



Name. Formula. B. P. 



O 

 Phosgene ... CO— CI2 +8 



Chlorocarbonicethyl ether CO— CIO— C2H5 94 



Caibonicdiethyl ether. CO— (OC2H5)2 126 



Chloroform CHCI3 61 



Orthoformicethyl ether CH — (OC2H5)3 146 



Carbontetrachloride CCI4 77 



Orthocarbonicethyl ether C — (OC2H5)4 159 



Trichlorethane CH3CCI3 74- 5 



Urthoaceticethyl ether CH3C — (OC2H5)3 142 



Cyanogen chloride ]S[C— CI 15- 5 



Isocyanicethyl ether NC— OC2H5 GO 



Tricyanogen chloride N3C3CI3 190 



Isocyanuricethyl ether ^^303— (OC2H5)3 276 



Trichloracetonitril NC — CCI3 84 



Dichlorethoxylacetonitril NC — CClzOCzHs 161 



In the following, however, we have an exception to the rule: 



Name. Formula. B. P. 



O 



Monochlordiethoxylacetonitril NC— CCI(OC2H5)2 161 



Triethoxylacetonitril NC — C(OC2H5)3 161 



It is evident that an exchange of chlorine methoxyl in many cases 

 produces no change in the boiling point, and in some instances chlorine 

 is equivalent to the ethoxyl group. This is true of the bodies prepared 

 by the author; when once the atom of chlorine is replaced by ethoxyl 

 the exchange of a second atom does not further influence the boiling 

 point. {Liehig's Annalen, ccxxix, 163.) 



Badiant Matter Spectroscopy ; Samarium. — Mr. William Crookes has 

 continued his remarkable researches in the entirely original field of 

 radiant-matter- spectroscopy. The results obtained as respects yttrium 

 were noticed in our report for 1883. In a paper read before the Eoyal 

 Society Juue 18, 1885, Mr. Crookes details the results of a study of the 

 beautiful spectrum characterized by a strong red and a double orange 

 baud, and which proves to be peculiar to samarium. 



This double orange band spectrum was first observed by him in 1881, 

 and his laborious researches have been uninterruptedly pursued since 

 that date; the extreme sensitiveness of the new method of testing acted 

 as a drawback rather than a help, except that the persistency of the 

 phenomena observed increased confidence in its reliability. To the in- 

 experienced eye one part of the "orange baud" substance in ten thou- 

 sand gives as good an indication as one part in ten, and by far the 



