126 



The Galls of Essex ; a Contrihution to a 



'^^-r. 



J. I 



Fig. 9. 

 Cec idomy ia Bomrum . 



Rosa canina, L. Leaflet. The 

 leaflets are condiii^licate — folded 

 longitudinally and thickened, and 

 this pseudo-gall is generally reddish 

 brown in colour. The whitish larvae 

 quit the leaves and pupate in 

 the ground. Cecidomyia Rosarum, 

 Hardy. (Fig. 9). 



Crataegus Oxyacantha, L. Leaf. 

 The twigs, especially of trimmed 

 hedges, are frequently disfigured 

 with terminal rosettes of leaves ; 

 these are much distorted, curled 

 and thickened. The larvae some- 

 times pupate in the galled bunch of leaves, but more gene- 

 rally in the earth. Cecidomyia Crat.egi, Winnertz. 



Onagrace^. 



Epilobium montanum, L. Stem. The stems are swollen in 

 places into hard, round, knots of about the size of a pea, but 

 their growth is hardly interfered with. The white cocoons 

 sticking out of the stem are conspicuous objects after the 

 emergence of the moths. Laverna decorella, Stephens. 



Umbellifer-s:. 



PiMPINELLA SaXIFRAGA, L. Sccds. 



One or both seeds are much en- 

 larged and rounded, remaining 

 smooth and green ; often several 

 are galled on one umbel. These 

 galls also occur in the umbels of 

 parsnip and carrot. The bright 

 orange larvae pupate in the ground. 



ASPHONDYLIA PiMPINELL.E, F. LoW. 



(Fig. 10, as it occurs on Dauciis). 



Fig. 10. 



Ai^phondyJia Pimpinelhe. 



CORNACE-E. 



CoRNus sANGuiNEA, L. Leaf. The gall consists of a hard, 

 reddish, truncate cone thrust half-way through the leaf, and 



