List of the Insect Fauna <>/ the Countij. 181 



Ulmace.e. 



Ulmus campestris, 8m. Leaves. The galls mostly occur 

 at the ends of twigs on elm bushes or stubs ; they consist of 

 much thickened and distorted bunches of leaves, and vary in 

 size from that of a walnut to a fair-sized apple ; when fresh 

 they are yellowish green with rosy reflections, and contain a 

 quantity of bluish black mucilaginous liquid, which is 

 liberated with the Aphides when the mature gall splits. The 

 old brown galls are very conspicuous on elm hedges in winter, 

 but they are fitful in appearance, in some years (as 1881) 

 being very abundant, while in others (as 1879 and 1880) 

 they are almost entirely absent. ScmzoNEUEA lanuginosa, 

 Hartig. 



Ulmus campestris, Sm. Leaf. These galls occur as 

 pedunculate, smooth galls, attached by their thin end to the 

 upper surface of the leaf, somewhat resembling a filbert in 

 size and shape ; they change colour, often to a beautiful 

 bright yellow, earlier than the unafiected leaves. They occur 

 singly, but I have rarely found double specimens ; unhke the 

 previous species these galls generally occur on trees ; they 

 are much rarer than .S. laniujinosa, but in some years are by 

 no means uncommon. The gall-makers are mature in autumn. 

 Tetraneura Ulmi, De Geer. 



Amentace^. 



Fagus sylvatica, L. Leaf. The gall is a hard, pyriform, 

 or somewhat conical, smooth projection from the upper side 

 of the leaf, but also showing through and firmly attached, so 

 that it falls only with the leaf; it is about the size of a 

 cherry-stone, and there are seldom more than one or two on 

 a leaf. The white larva pupates within the gall during 

 winter. Hormomyia Fagi, Hartig. 



Fagus sylvatica, L. The small, hairy, tubular galls occur 

 on the upper side of the leaf, only showing a slight convex 

 projection on the under surface ; they are greenish at first, 

 but speedily change to brown or reddish brown in colour, and 

 then fall from the leaf, leaving a white, circular, basal scar 



