xvi Jo2irnal of Proceediniis. 



burrows of Fossorial Hymenoptera were noticed, and Mr. W. F. Gwinnell 

 gathered from the Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort), growing on a large 

 ballast-heap to the north of the engine-house, a reddish gall, which 

 eventually turned out to be new to Britain. [See Proceedings, May 28th.] 

 The steep ascent to the high ground between the northern and southern 

 pits was then commenced. At the summit a wide view of the landscape 

 and its geological features, especially southwards over the Thames, is 

 obtained. The character and origin of the scenery was described with 

 much eloquence by Professor Morris. On the north was seen Laindon 

 Hill (388 feet), where the Bagshot sand caps the London clay ; the 

 Tertiaries covering the country as far as the eye could reach. At the 

 same elevation, on the opposite side of the Thames, a widely different 

 development of the rocks was seen. Owing to the continued uprise of the 

 beds towards the Weald, the chalk, which on the Essex side of the valley 

 is brought to the surface by an arch limited to the Thames Valley, soon 

 becomes in Kent the surface rock of the district, rising at Knockholt to 

 780 feet. From the height at Grays, the wooded Tertiary outhers which 

 diversify the comparatively treeless chalk country were pointed out ; 

 Swanscombe, with its capping of London clay, and Cobliam Mount, 

 capped with Oldliaven pebbles, being prominent examples. The geological 

 causes of the survival of some of the older features of the country and the 

 destruction of others were instructively described by Prof. Morris ; and 

 with tliis exposition the afternoon's pleasant series of sermons in stones 

 may be said to have terminated. Prof. Morris had to leave for town, and 

 Mr. Walker gracefully expressed, on behalf of all present, the great 

 pleasure and profit they had derived from his teachings in the field that 

 afternoon. 



It was found to be impossible to carry out the intention of visiting tha 

 brick-earth beds at Little Thurrock ("Globe Cement Company's Works," 

 permission to \'isit which had been kindly given by C. J. Mander, Esq.) ; 

 and shortly afterwards the members of the Club, with many of the 

 Geologists' Association, including the genial Secretary, Dr. Foulerton, 

 F.G.S., wended their way back to Grays, and sat down to tea at the 

 "King's Arms Hotel," served in capital style by Mr. Cuming; albeit 

 there was not room for all at the Inn, and many had to seek accommodation 

 elsewhere. 



The President afterwards said that he thought such a juvenile Asso- 

 ciation as theirs might congratulate itself uiDon having been associated 

 \d\h such a veteran body as the Geologists' Association. He was rather 

 glad that they had not been able to carry out their full programme, 

 because this might serve for an excuse for joining again with the 

 Association to finish off the beds at Little Thurrock. (Cheers.) Their 

 thanks had been expressed to the veteran geologist who had left (Professor 

 Morris), and it was now his pleasant duty to express their thanks to their 

 worthy conductor, Mr. Walker, for his admhably-rendered ser\dces. He 

 very much regretted that time had left them with only a very few moments 



