FIRE WORSHIP — FEWKES. 



599 



by clans from Awatobi, and another, quite different in nature and 

 origin, called the Sumaikoli, which was brought from the east and 

 south. The dances following the act of making new fire in the latter 

 are much simpler than those in the former. The Sumaikoli does not 

 belong to the ancient Hopi ritual but is a later addition and is akin in 

 name and nature to personations in the ritual of the Zufii 13 and 

 pueblos of the Rio Grande. The masks worn by the personification 

 of Sumaikoli fire rites indicate this relationship very plainly and are 

 arranged in a row in the accompan3'ing plate (pi. 11) , forming a rude 

 altar before which the rite of the new fire is performed. After the 

 rite is performed in a secret room the fire is carried by means of 



a 



cu 



Fig. 1. — Framework rattle found in a cliff house in Chelly Canyon, N. Mex. A similar 

 object is borne by the leader of the Yaya priesthood at Hopi in the summer new fire cere- 

 mony, a, Wooden frame ; c, handle ; d, rain-cloud symbol ; e, e', sliding weights. 



torches to piles of firewoo^ and bonfires are kindled in the pueblo 

 around which exercises are performed by a priesthood called the 

 Yaya, now practically extinct. The masked man who carries the fire 

 is called Kawikoli, and the Yaya priest who accompanies him bears 

 a unique wooden frame for a rattle (fig. I). 14 



The Hopi method of kindling the ceremonial fire is by means of 

 a wooden fire drill and hearth. The hearth has a series of pits near 

 one edge, as shown in the accompanying figures. (PI. 8, fig. 1.) 



13 None of the new fire rites of any of the pueblos of the Rio Grande have been sufficiently 

 well described for comparisons. 



14 Two of these objects found in the cliff houses of the Chelly Canyon, now in the Brook- 

 lyn Museum, have been described in the American Anthropologist, n. s. Vol. VIII, No. 4, 

 1906. 



