RACIAL GROUPS — HOUGH. 615 



storehouse, fish are dried on wooden racks, and skin boats are put 

 out of harm's way on a scaffold erected near the houses. (See pi. 1.) 



FAMILY GROUP OF THE WESTERN ESKIMO. 



On account of the better food supply and the mild climate the 

 western Eskimo have advanced further than their relatives in the 

 east. Also their arts have felt the stimulus of intercommunication 

 and trade with Asia. 



The group here shown illustrates the usual summer avocations 

 and amusements of this people. At the left a woman is cooking 

 meat in the primitive pottery cooking vessel, while another woman 

 is placing dried fish in the storehouse. In the background a war- 

 rior with sinew-backed bow is watching a youth practice with the 

 sling. On the right a man seated on the ground is excavating a 

 wooden dish with the curved knife and two little girls are con- 

 tentedly playing with their toys. The structure at the back of the 

 case is a representation of the storehouse commonly used by the 

 western Eskimo. (See pi. 2.) 



DWELLING GROUP OF THE CENTRAL ESKIMO. 



The central Eskimo live on the area between Hudson Strait and 

 Baffin Bay. Their winter houses are built of blocks of snow laid 

 up in a spiral manner, forming a dome. The blocks are about 3 

 feet long, 2 feet high, and 6 inches thick. The main chamber of 

 the house varies from 5 to 12 feet in height, and from 7 to 15 feet 

 in diameter. Over the entrance a square is cut out and covered 

 with seal intestine for a window. The dome is connected by pas- 

 sageways with one or more outbuildings or packing rooms. In the 

 summer the natives fish in the open water ; in winter seals are taken 

 by nets set under the ice. Dogs are attached to the sled by separate 

 lines. The clothing of the men and women is made from skins of 

 seal and deer, and consists of outside and inside trousers; jackets, 

 those of the women having hoods; boots, and inside boots or socks 

 made of light deerskin or birdskin. (See pi. 3.) 



FAMILY GROUP OF THE SMITH SOUND ESKIMO. 



This exhibit shows an Eskimo family of Smith Sound, in north- 

 western Greenland. The Smith Sound Eskimo are called the Arctic 

 Highlanders and are the most northern people in the known world. 

 On account of the ice they abandoned the kaiak, or skin canoe, and use 

 the dog sled for transportation. Their clothing is from skins of seal, 

 reindeer, birds, and dogs, and their houses are of snow. All of their 

 activities are associated with the struggle for existence, and they 

 have little time for art work. 



