RACIAL GROUPS — HOUGH. 623 



push, the flake is driven off. John Smith, of the Jamestown colony, 

 about 1608, says, speaking of a Powhatan hunter, that " His arrow- 

 head he quickly maketh with a little bone which he ever weareth at 

 his brasert (belt)." 



The shaping processes here illustrated were formerly in general 

 use among the tribes. The women doubtless aided in the work of 

 transportation and in preparing food for the quarrymen. The cos- 

 tumes shown are modeled after the garments of the Virginia Indians 

 at the period of discovery, as illustrated in the drawings of John 

 White, artist of the Roanoke colony. 



That the quarries of the region were worked by the Powhatans 

 and adjacent tribes is amply proved by the discovery on their de- 

 serted village sites and in their shell heaps throughout the Potomac- 

 Chesapeake region of countless numbers of implements identical 

 with those produced in the local quarries. (See pi. 17.) 



DWELLING GROUP OF THE SEMINOLE INDIANS. 



Florida. 



The Seminoles are made up of remnants of the Creek and other 

 southern tribes forced into the Everglades. They live by hunting 

 and fishing. Their houses are open sheds roofed with palm leaf, 

 placed on the hammocks or elevated meadows. Several of these 

 houses may occupy a hammock. In the center of the group is the 

 house where all the cooking is done, the fire bed with logs shoved in 

 when needed. The Seminoles manufacture flour from koonti root, 

 somewhat as cassava is prepared in South America. The dugout 

 canoe is generally used, and the Seminole is an expert boatman. 

 (See pi. 18.) 



STATUE OF THE SEMINOLE CHIEF, OSCEOLA. 



The Florida Seminoles, now living in the Everglades, belong with 

 the Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws, to the Muskhogean family, 

 who formerly occupied the Southern States east of the Mississippi 

 River. The unremitting bloody conflicts with the white settlers were 

 brought to an end in 1838, when the Seminoles and their kindred 

 were forcibly removed to the Indian Territory, those that remained 

 fleeing to the Everglades. 



Osceola, the leader, made a determined resistance to the authority 

 of the United States, and only after several expeditions against him, 

 involving considerable loss of life, was he finally taken. He died 

 at Fort Moultrie, Florida, in 1838. (See pi. 19.) 



SEMINOLE MAN. 



The figure here shown is dressed in a chief's costume of to-day, 

 wearing leggins of buckskin, with shirt and coat of many-colored 



