RACIAL GROUPS HOUGH. 627 



The Sioux Indians belong to the Siouan family, formerly having 

 a wide distribution west of the Mississippi Valley as far southward 

 as the borders of Louisiana. Detached tribes were also living at the 

 time of the discovery in the mountain regions of Virginia and North 

 Carolina. 



SIOUX INDIAN WOMAN. 



A Sioux Indian woman dressed in beaded buckskin frock with cut 

 fringe, earrings of dentalium shells, and leggings and moccasins 

 beaded. In her left hand she carries a spoon carved from cow's horn. 

 The cradle with its peculiar frame and hood is a modification of the 

 more ancient and simple form, made since the introduction of the 

 horse into this area, and is adapted not only to the carrying of the 

 child upon its mother's back, but also for attachment to the pommel 

 of the saddle. The beadwork, in its material, is derived from the 

 whites, but the style of the ornamentation is purely aboriginal. 



The costume and cradle belonged to the Dakotas who came early 

 in contact with the French explorers. Their clothing, their tents, 

 and their utensils were made largely of skin. Formerly quills of 

 birds and of porcupines were used in decoration, but trade beads have 

 taken their place. (See pi. 26.) 



KAU-KU-WASH-TO-WIN, THE GOOD ROAD WOMAN. 



A Sioux woman of the Yankton tribe, South Dakota. In 1870 her 

 portrait was painted by A. Z. Schindler for the Blackmore Museum 

 at Salisbury, England. This bust was modeled by the sculptor Achille 

 Collin, and is one of several works by that artist of Indian subjects 

 in the Museum. She is regarded as an excellent type of Indian beauty. 

 (See pi. 27.) 



CROW INDIAN (I SIOUAN STOCK) PAINTING A SKIN. 



The paintings on skins by the Indians were not mere decorations, 

 but were intended as records or presented an assemblage of symbols 

 of religious meaning. Most of the paintings on skin robes recorded 

 various exploits in which the owner had part. They are interesting 

 examples of picture writing and often display skill in drawing, 

 composition, and color. (See pi. 28.) 



NEZ PERCE INDIAN CHIEF. 



The Nez Perce Indians belong to the Shahaptian stock, living 

 formerly on the headwaters of the Columbia River. This figure is 

 dressed in buckskin and wears a mantle of native manufacture. The 

 people of this region, especially the Salish, before the coming of the 

 whites made yarn from shredded bark and the hair of the dog and 

 the mountain goat, and wove it, by a process entirely aboriginal, into 



