RACIAL GROUPS — HOUGH. 633 



well built, and active. Their chief subsistence is Indian corn, which 

 they cultivate in irrigated fields, and they raise, besides, some wheat 

 and vegetables. To these are added great supplies of wild fruits in 

 season, such as yucca and the prickly pear. They hunt deer in the 

 neighboring mountains and capture rabbits and other small mam- 

 mals in the open country about their village. 



The Zuni are skillful in pottery making, weaving, bead making, 

 silverwork. and in the decoration of objects connected with their re- 

 ligious life. 



The domestic life of the Zuni is extremely well ordered, practically 

 everything being regulated by a schedule which bears evidence of 

 great antiquity. The men bring in the crops from the fields and give 

 them over to the care of the women, who prepare them for the con- 

 sumption of the famity. The women are adept at making many 

 kinds of bread with corn flour, the most familiar being a wafer-like 

 bread baked by spreading a thin batter upon a heated slab of stone. 

 The water supply of the family is kept in large pottery jars, which 

 are filled by the women, who carry it from the river in vases borne 

 upon the head. 



The houses, which are built of stone and plastered with mud, are 

 large and comfortable, are kept scrupulously clean, and in them most 

 of the domestic industries are carried on, such as are illustrated in 

 the group. The young woman in the foreground is engaged in weav- 

 ing a belt of the kind in common use, the old man is in the act of 

 drilling a turquoise bead with the primitive pump drill, the farmer 

 brings in some of the products of the fields, and his wife, emerging 

 from an inner room, gives an appreciative welcome ; the strong young 

 maiden of the family brings in a vase of water, offering a cup to 

 the girl who is about to prepare flour for the baking, while the boy 

 pounces upon the keenly appreciated watermelons. (See pi. 38.) 



ZUNI WOMEN MAKING POTTERY. 



Zuni Indian women of New Mexico make pottery by the coiling 

 method. The clay is gathered from the deposit and carried on the 

 backs of women to the place of manufacture, then thoroughly washed, 

 cleansed, and mixed with the proper quantity of pulverized pot- 

 shards. After shaping the prepared clay into long rolls from half to 

 three-quarters of an inch thick, the woman builds up her vessel by 

 coiling, as shown by the standing figure in the group. When the 

 vessel is dried all the inequalities are carefully removed from the sur- 

 face, as shown by the sitting figure. The vessel is then washed with 

 fine white slip, dried, rubbed smooth, painted, as shown by the 

 seated figure, and then baked in an open kiln made of chopped grass 

 and shrubs. The colors used in painting are yellow ocher for red, 

 iron ore for dark brown, and kaolin for white, the brushes being bits 



