046 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1920. 



dames, is a walled town in western Tripoli, North Africa, about a 

 mile in diameter. The principal portion of the population belong 

 to the Berber race. These live in a part of the town specially inclosed. 

 Outside of this place is a mixed population of Arabs and Negroes. 

 The streets are narrow, dark, and nearly covered over with project- 

 ing upper stories of houses. The flat roofs furnish a continuous 

 j^athway. The inclosing wall protects the town from the drifting 

 desert sands. Gardens of dates, figs, apricots, and melons are watered 

 from wells. Ghadames is a stopping place between the coast towns 

 and the Lybian Desert. (See pi. 64.) 



SOMALI MAN. 



The Somali live in East Africa, their country being known as 

 Somaliland. They are related to the old and modern Egyptians, the 

 Abyssinians, the Masai, and other African peoples of the eastern 

 branch of the Hamitic stock. They are dark in color, of fine physique, 

 and have straight noses, and ringlety, though sometimes quite 

 straight hair. Herding is the chief occupation, and milk is their 

 staple food. The Somali are valiant warriors, but in time of peace 

 are noted for their hospitality. (See pi. 65.) 



BAMBARA MAN. 



The Bambara are Sudanese Negroes living on the Niger and be- 

 longing to a branch of the Mandingan family. Their food is rice, 

 millet, cassava, and dates. In art the Bambaras have been advanced 

 by their position as middlemen between the coast and the interior. 

 Their costume consists of a long, brown, cotton shirt, to which are 

 tied numerous charms, consisting of verses from the Koran wrapped 

 in oiled cotton. On the forehead they wear a fetich made of antelope 

 horn filled with medicine and wrapped with red cloth. Their weapons 

 are bows and short reed arrows. (See pi. 66.) 



AVACHAGA MAN. 



The Wachaga, who are Africans of Bantu stock, live on the south- 

 ern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, East Africa. They are an inter- 

 esting people, friendly, but exceedingly superstitious ; much harassed 

 by the Masai and in turn raiding the Wa Gueno and other tribes. 

 The Wachaga possess considerable skill in ironworking, their assagais 

 being the largest and finest in Africa. Their hide shields are large, 

 oval, decorated with totemic symbols and they employ knot clubs 

 and poisoned arrows. As farmers they are industrious, and they have 

 semidomesticated the wild bee. They hunt the abundant game on 

 the slopes of the mountain of Kilimanjaro, but do not ascend very 

 high on the mountain. The face ruff of ostrich plumes is worn in 

 imitation of their enemies, the Masai. (See pi. 67.) 



