652 ANNUAL REPOET SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1920. 



pounded root. The young woman standing on the right welcomes 

 the man, offering a fine wedding mat bordered with parrot feathers 

 for his inspection, and the child arrives with arms loaded with more 

 mats, showing the wealth of the household. The women seated in the 

 foreground are engaged in the manufacture and ornamentation of 

 tapa which serves for textile in the Samoan and other Pacific islands. 

 It is made from strips of the soaked bark of the paper mulberry, 

 beaten with a grooved mallet on an elastic log. During this process 

 it stretches to many times its former width, and by joining other 

 pieces, sheets of any desired extent can be made. In its decoration, 

 several methods are used : That of printing from pattern boards with 

 raised ornamentation ; striping with brushes ; and by free-hand paint- 

 ing. The young woman seated at the right has printed a piece of 

 cloth and is about to draw the border designs with a pandanus brush. 

 (See p. 77.) 



VILLAGE GROUP OF THE EARLY HAWAIIANS. 



Formerly the Hawaiians lived in grass thatch houses of several 

 kinds grouped into villages, which were the home of a clan ruled 

 over by a chief and a priest. The houses shown in the model, which 

 is a restoration of Hawaiian social life before contact with Euro- 

 peans, are, beginning from the left, the mua, eating house for the 

 young men; the lanai, or bower, often attached to the house; the 

 alii, or chief's house ; the noa, or house of the chief's wife ; the aina, 

 where women eat, and the pea, or tabu house of the women. On the 

 front row is the heiau, or temple, with image and skulls on posts; 

 the kua, or workshop, with lanai, or shed, and on the extreme right, 

 a pupupu, or fisherman's temporary shed, back of which a laborer 

 is cultivating taro in artificially irrigated ponds. On the shore are 

 natives bathing, a canoe being unloaded, and a fisherman hauling 

 his net in a fish pond. In the open space in front o£ the village is 

 an oven from which a roast pig is being taken; two men hauling a 

 log ; a man making wooden imekes, or bowls ; two women pounding 

 taro root to make poi ; a woman beating bark to make tapa cloth ; a 

 woman painting tapa cloth; a group of women feasting, and a 

 woman bearing Zeis, or wreaths of flowers ; a nurse with children ; the 

 chief's wife and son ; the chief standing on a platform in front of his 

 house, and the chief's poi, or food-bearer, with calabashes. " Such," 

 as Malo finishes his quaint chronicle, " were the possessions of the 

 old-time people who lived on the ancient Hawaii. Great pity for 

 them." (Legend on frame of model.) (See pi. 78.) 



MAORI MAN. 



The Maori's are of the Polynesian family and inhabit the island 

 of New Zealand. Keane places them in the Caucasian race, but Brin- 

 ton makes the Polynesians a separate group of the Malay stock. 



