BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



155 



GILL, THEonoKE. The hot^ts of Argulids 

 and their noinenchittire. 



Science (new series), xvii. No. 4is, Jan. 2, 

 1903, p. 33. 

 The names of the fish-hosts of many of the 

 species described in the " Monograph of North 

 American Parasitic Copepods of the family 

 Argulida?," by C. B. Wilson, are corrected 

 and the fishes identified. 



The bones of the shoulder girdle 



of fishes. 



Science (new series), xvii. No. 424, Feb. 

 13, 1903, pp. 255-256. 

 The most characteristic system of bones of 

 the pisciform vertebrates is manifest in the 

 shoulder girdle, and the classes of selachians 

 and typical fishes, or teleostomes, have been 

 segregated under the name Lyrifera, on ac- 

 • count of the character of this girdle. The 

 consideration of the bones, liowever, mili- 

 tates decidedly against the acceptance of the 

 views generally held. Scapula and coracoid 

 were given originally to the composite bone 

 and Its process familiar from manifestation 

 in man. The bones of fishes to which the 

 nam.es have been given are certainly not ho- 

 mologous. They, in fact, are only developed 

 as such in fishes specialized as toleosts and 

 very remote from the primitive stock of the 

 terrestrial vertebrates. A special nomencla- 

 ture is therefore necessary. The so-called 

 scapula has been designated as hypercoracoid, 

 the coracoid as hypocoracoid, and the Span- 

 genstuck, or precoracoid, as mesocoracoid. 

 The mesocoracoid disappears in most fishes, 

 all the acanthopterygians and offshoots from 

 that stock being deprived oi that ossicle. 



The systematic relations of the 



fish genus Lampns. 



Science (new series), xvii, No. 424. Feb. 

 13, 1903, pp. 256-257. 

 Recently the foremost ichthyologist of Eu- 

 rope, Doctor Bouienger, reexamined the 

 osteology of Lampns, and especially the 

 shoulder girdle, and attained novel concep- 

 tions as to the athnitiesot thai genus. The 

 number oi bones in the shoulder girdle of 

 Lamprib is tne same as in ordinary acanthop- 

 terygian fishes, but two of them have been 

 interpreted Irom a different standpoint than 

 by bis predecessors (1) The very large bone 

 which occupies tne lower and posterior part 

 of the girdle was considered by him to be a 

 peculiar bone, named mterclavicle, and 

 hopioiogizea with a homonymous bone of the 

 hemibranchs, and (2) the smaller one imme- 

 diately above it ana behind the bones sup- 

 porting the pectoral fin was regarded as a 

 '■coracoid' or nypocoracoid. Therefore he 

 considered it as the representative not only 

 of a peculiar iamiiy (Lamprididse), but of an 

 independent higher group named Selenich- 

 thyes and coordinated with the Hemibranchii 

 and Lophobranchii,the three being associated 

 together as representatives of a suborder to 



GILL, Theodore — Continuea. 



which the new name Catosteomi was given. 

 To test this conclusion the skeleton of Lampns 

 was submitted to renewed examination. 

 That examination forced the author to ac- 

 ceptance of the principal ideas of the older 

 ichthyologists; four actinosts, or pterygials, 

 are recognized, and the coracoid of Bouienger 

 is identified with the fourth. The hypocora- 

 coid is found in the interclavicle of Bouien- 

 ger. As a consequence, the genus is restored 

 to the group of acanthopterygians. Never- 

 theless, the differences between Lampris and 

 all other fishes are sufticiently great to entitle 

 it to rank as the type of a family (Lampridi- 

 dae), as well as a special superfamily (Lani- 

 pridoidea). 



Origin of the name Monotremes. 



Science (new series), xvn. No. 428, Mar. 

 13, 1903, pp. 433-434. 

 It is shown that the name Monotremes was 

 given by E. Geoffroy as an ordinal designation 

 (in French form only) in 1803, the order 

 (ordre) diagnosed, and the genera " Onii- 

 thorhinchus" and "Echid7ia" referred to it. 



Homologies of the anterior limb. 



Science (new series), xvn, No. 430, Mar. 

 27, 1903, p. 489. 

 It is contended that Polypterus gives us a 

 key to the problem in question, as has been 

 already urged Dy the writer in 1872, 1878, and 

 1882. This view, after long neglect, was 

 independently urged later by others, especi- 

 ally Emery and Pollard, but with differences 

 of detail. Tbe humerus, radius, ulna, carpal, 

 and metacarpal bones are found in a recog- 

 nizable condition in Polypterus. That genus 

 is the nearest oi the living fishes in relation- 

 ship to the amphibians and (onsequently all 

 terrestrial vertebrates 



The use ol the name Torpedo for 



the electric cattishes. 



Pioc V S I^al 3/ms. XXVl, No. 1329, Apr. 

 9, 1903, pp. 697 698. 

 1 1 is shown that the name Torpedo was used 

 in "PurchashisPiigrimes " published in 1625, 

 lor the eiectric catfish oi Malaptenmis elec 

 tncns ot the Nile. Two sections descriptive 

 of the flsh occurring in thai work (pp. 1183, 

 154-5) are reproduced. 



Bibliographical memoir | of | 



John Edwards Holbrook. | 1794-1876. 

 i — I Read belore the National Acad- 

 emy of Sciences, | April 22, 1903. ] — | 

 Wasliington, D. C. | Press of Judd and 

 Detweiler | 1903. | 



[8 vo., cover, title -t- 47-77 pp., 2 pi.] 

 An advance reprint irom the Biographical 

 Memoirs of the National Academy ol Sciences, 

 VI, pp. 47-77, with portrait and letter. Besides 

 the biography ol HolbrooK a Dibuography is 

 appended, giving analyses and correlations 

 of the different editions ol Holbrook's works 

 on reptiles and fishes. 



