STUDIES ON musp:ltms and kindrp:d institutions. 361 



tion of their provorhiiil vvejilth." In America tlic oblioatioiis imposed 

 by the position of wealth are well discharged. Colum})ia is governed 

 privately by self -chosen trustees, and is only nominally subject to the 

 control of the regents of the University of the State of New York in 

 Albany. It now has an annual income of $400,000 from its endow- 

 ment of $12,000,000, and tuition fees amounting to $375,000. Its 

 current expenses amounted in 1899 to $837,500'^; such a deficit of 

 $62,000 is, however, of no consequence, since persons are always 

 found who make it good. Nor is a momentary debt of $3,000,000 

 very oppressive, as it will soon be paid. In 1899 a number of bene- 

 factors together contributed $75,000 for current expenses alone and 

 $500,000 for endowment funds, besides a hospital worth over $500,000 

 with an endowment of $375,000. The current annual expenses of the 

 University of Berlin amount to $750,000; those of the University of 

 Leipzig, $625,000, of which $500,000 are appropriated by the Royal 

 Saxon Government. The city of New York, with its 4.000,000 popu- 

 lation, has about the same number of inhabitants as the Kingdom of 



« I cite only a few of the great university endowments. The dates given in paren- 

 theses indicate the year of founding of the universities mentioned. The Stanford 

 family gave $30,000,000 (1891 ) ; Johns Hopkins (1867), $3,750,000; J. G. Clark (1887), 

 $3,000,000; W. C. de Pauvv (1837) and J. B. Colgate (1819), $1,500,000 each; J. N. 

 and II. Brown (1764), $750,000 each for the university bearing the name of these 

 founders; J. D. Rockefeller (1866), $10,000,000 for Chicago; 8. Cupples and K. S. 

 Brookings (1900), $5,000,000 for Washington in St. Louis; the Vanderbilt family, 

 $3,750,000 for Vanderbilt University (1872) and Columbia, in New York; J. Rich 

 and A. Packer, $2,000,000 each for Boston (1869) and Lehigh, in South Bethlehem 

 (1866); J. C. Green, $1,750,000 for Princeton (1746) ; Seth Low and J. Loubat, 

 $1,500,000 and $1,250,000, respectively, for Columbia (this university received in the 

 last ten years endowments amounting altogether to $7,000,000); E. Cornell, H. W. 

 Sage, and O. H. Payne, $3,500,000 for Cornell (1865); J. Lick, $750,000 for Berkeley 

 (1868). Yale, in New Haven (1701), received $5,000,000 from different donors; 

 Wesleyan University, in Middletown (1831), $2,000,000; Cincinnati (1819), $1,500,000; 

 Harvard, in Cambridge (1636), receives on an average $1,000,000 to $1,250,000 every 

 year (last year $1,625,000), etc. G. Peabody gave $6,000,000 for various scientific 

 institutions; D. B. Fayerweather, $5,250,000. This makes a total of between 

 $100,000,000 and $125,000,000, and yet is only a fraction of such gifts for universities 

 and scientific institutions, as may be seen from the list given in the New York 

 World Almanac, 1900, p. 310. In the year 1899 alone about $75,000,000 were 

 donated for universities, colleges, schools, and libraries. E. D. Perry (Education 

 in the United States, edited by N. M. Butler, Albany, 1900, p. 304) says: "It is 

 truly encouraging for the future of education in America that so many of her mil- 

 lionaires are willing to give freely of the fortunes that they have accumulated, and 

 that those who give the most should set the example of intrusting the application of 

 the funds to those who best understand the needs to be inet." [The above lists 

 were made up in 1900, but would be considerably enlarged to-day. Mr. Carnegie 

 alone has given away $100,000,000.] 



^'These figures are only approximate. I may mention for comparison that the 

 annual current expenses of Johns Hopkins University, in Baltimore, amount to 

 only $200,000. 



