STUDIES ON MUSEUMS AND KINDRED INSTITUTIONS. 497 



hotaiiiciil institute luivo been built, eac-h specially adapted to its own 

 ends, and it should be particularly mentioned that the architect has 

 not allowed himself to sacrifice either space or light to the require- 

 ments of the Gothic style. The open side of the court is turned 

 toward the center of the Universit}' grounds. 



The Hull Zoological Laboratory, shown in tig. 74 on the left, has 

 four stories, 130 feet long and 55 feet deep. In the basement there 

 is an aquarium, vivaria, preparators' workrooms, and the like, as 

 well as a room for paleontological material, as paleontology in the 

 Chicago University, is distributed in a rational and progressive way 

 among the biological sciences. On the first floor is a musinuii, a general 

 ))iological library, and the laboratory for beginners. On the second 

 floor are only zoological laboratories. Upon the third floor there is a 

 laborator}" for comparative anatoni}^ and embryology and one for 

 cellular biolog}', as well as single zoological workrooms. Upon the 

 fourth floor are laboratories for bacteriology,'' as well as rooms for 

 paleontology. 



In summer, work is also carried on at the marine biological station 

 at Woods Hole, Massachusetts (Marine Biological Laboratory), which 

 is allow^ed the pupil in reckoning his prescribed hours of work, 

 although the station is not ranked as belonging to the Chicago Univer- 

 sity. The director of the zoological laboratory of the university is 

 also director of the Woods Hole station, which is an hour and a half 



« During my visit there were undertaken here exitensive researches, begun in the 

 early part of 1899, upon the water of the Mississippi, and the IIHnois and its tributaries, 

 as it was desired to discharge the sewage from Chicago by that route. Up to that 

 time it had been discharged partly through the Chicago River into Lake Michigan, 

 which not only changed that river into a reeking sewer but also polluted the pota- 

 l)le water supply of the city. In spite of the fact that the lake water was pumped 

 from the lake, 4 miles away, through subterranean channels, Chicago remained 

 unhealthy, Avith frequent cases of typhoid fevers and other diseases. Now, through 

 a canal 30 miles long, reaching as far as Lockport, a union has been effected with 

 the Desplaines River, and through that with the Illinois and the Mississippi, and the 

 city thus freed from noxious materials without, it is alleged, injuring the dwellers 

 upon the other rivers, as the sewage is extraordinarily diluted by bringing the 

 water of the lake into the canal (11,000 cubic yards a minute, which could be raised 

 to 22,000 cubic yards). The question has even arisen whether, through this enor- 

 mous withdrawal of water, the level of the Great Lakes will not become permanently 

 lowered, so that the aiiipping interests, which are very active, may be injured 

 thereby. The canal, which was finished in seven years and opened in 1900, also 

 serves for ship transport. It is 175 to 317 feet broad, from 16 to 22 feet deep. It 

 cost the city about $35,000,000, but this was not too high a price to pay for the 

 I)enefit which it wrought. The Hull Bacteriological Laboratory has been especially 

 adapted for this task, and has, among other things, already undertaken a great 

 tmmber of chemical and bacteriological researches in order to prove whether any 

 appreciable effect will be produced by the introduction of the diluted sewage into 

 the canal and the great river system involved. 

 NAT MUS 1903 32 



