STUDIES ON MUSEUMS AND KINDRED INSTITUTIONS. 513 



a recess of one week at the end. Each quarter has two q([uh\ terms 

 of six weeks. The courses are classified as majors and minors. A 

 minor calls for four to five hours of class-room work (or its equiva- 

 lent) each week for six weeks; a major requires the same for twelve 

 weeks. Eight to ten hours work a week is called a double minor 

 or double major. The prescribed amount of work for each student is 

 three minors, or one major and one minor in each half quarter. One 

 major and two minors will also be allowed if it is evident that a stu- 

 dent is properly using his time. Naturally the courses in a particular 

 science usually last over several terms, six weeks is only the unit, but 

 they nuist })e so adjusted that anyone, without disadvantage to him- 

 self or the subject, can begin at the beginning of a <iuarter. 



Each instructor teaches thirty-six weeks during the year, ten hours 

 or its equivalent a week. He enjoj's a quarters vacation, and is 

 free to choose it whenever it can be arranged, or he ma}" take two 

 vacations of six weeks each at different times of the year. If he 

 voluntaril}" teaches according to agreement more than the normal 

 amount he can obtain for it either a pro rata in salary (two-thirds the 

 usual amount) or an extra vacation (full pro rata). Here, also, the 

 custom prevails of allowing a so-called sabbatical year to the professors 

 (see p. 367) but under more favorable conditions than are allowed in 

 the other universities. Whoever lectures throughout three years of 

 forty- eight weeks or six j^ears of forty-two weeks receives, a 3'ear's 

 leave of absence with full pay. 



RELIGIOUS FOUNDATION. 



A third characteristic of the University of Chicago which deserves 

 to be mentioned, at least in a comparison that most nearly concerns 

 me — namely, that with the German universities — is the religious foun- 

 dation which underlies the entire institution. As we have alread}^ 

 seen, the university owes its origin to the religious feeling of 

 J. D. Rockefeller, who regarded it as a duty owed to the Baptist 

 Church, of which he was a member, that something should be done for 

 the elevation and instruc^tion of the people, and although he did not 

 in the beginning have something grand in view, yet through the influ- 

 ence of prominent men he was soon brought to consider it. 



Although the articles of incorporation require that the president 

 of the university and 14 of the 21 trustees shall be Baptists, yet it 

 was stipulated from the beginning that the university should bear a 

 pureh' literary and scientific character, and that no position of an}' kind 

 should be dependent upon a religious test. This has been strictly 

 adhered to, and, besides, in 1S99 the university congregation, which is 

 a governing body composed of over 200 members, meeting quarterly 

 or oftener, made the following public announcements: 



1. That the principle of the complete freedom of teaching for all 



NAT MUS 1908 33 



