STUDIES ON MUSEUMS AND KINDRED INSTITUTIONS. 543 



and the like being done outside the mu.seum by contract, which is the 

 practice in most English museums (including the London Natural 

 History Museum). The annual expenses are $13,500, of which $7,500 

 is spent for salaries. 



From October to May about 25 popular lectures are given (admis- 

 sion free), for the most part in the museum, principally on 

 Saturdays and Sundays, on the subjects of archeology, geology, min- 

 eralogy, zoology, and botany, some of which are intended for children 

 (for example On the Struggle for ?]xistence in Nature). The total 

 attendance at these lectures amounts, however, to only about 2,500 

 persons. 



The museum has published the following: Reports (annual) from 

 1895 on, six pence; Notes (six of these have appeared since 1896, but 

 they are onh^ reprints of magazine articles); Scientific Guides, partly 

 illustrated (reprints from journals), 12 of which have appeared at 

 prices from 2 pence to 2j shillings; Popular Guides, general, with 

 illustrations, in two editions, six pence, briefer, a penny; altogether 

 3-1 publications, some of which are also called handbooks. In addi- 

 tion, the museum has published labels such as those describing the sub- 

 classes and orders of mammals (15 shillings). Families of Mammals 

 (10'shilling6 pence), Families of Birds (10 shilling 6 pence). Families of 

 Fishes (10 shilling 6 pence), Coleoptera (3 pence). Worms (six pence), 

 and also maps showing geographical distribution (100 for six pence). 

 This undertaking is deserving of much thanks, inasmuch as it saves the 

 expense of printing to other museums; it is unfortunate that the German 

 museums can make but little use of these labels, since they are partly 

 printed in English. The Dresden collection, however, some time ago 

 procured from them and installed the labels of bird families in Latin, 

 printed in red. It has long been my desire to arrange for duplicates 

 of the printed labels in the Dresden Museum for transmission to other 

 collections so as to save them the trouble of preparation. The arrang- 

 ing of labels for public exhibition requires much time, as they should 

 })e brief, explicit, and complete. It is unfortunate that, up to the 

 present time, every nmseum undertakes this vast labor of prepara- 

 tion, instead of utilizing some of the work done by others. I know a 

 (ierman museum that practically prohibits the copying of labels for 

 use elsewhere. The English (regardless of the Manchester Museum) 

 and the Americans have already begun to publish some of their 

 printed labels." 



For a description of Owens College in general, see The Owens 

 College, Manchester (founded 1851). A brief history of the college 

 and description of its various departments. Edited by P. J. Hartog. 

 Manchester, 1900. Quarto, viii, 2G0 pages, 29 plates. 



« Reports Museums Association and Museums Journal. 



