448 RECORD OF SCIENCE FOR 1887 AND 1888. 



This order of syntlicses is discussed in previous papers. In the present 

 essay the reactions are but little more complex. In the first case, in 

 which oxygen is taken up to form phenol, the equations are as follows: 



C6H6+O+A12C1«=0gH5.O.A12C15+H01, 



an oxygenated compound being formed which, upon treatment with 

 water, is destroyed and phenol is generated. 



06H5.O.Al20l5+H2O=CfiH5On+Al2Cl5(OH). 



The definite addition compounds of aromatic hydrocarbons and alumi- 

 num chlorides which were some time ago described by Gustavson, Frie- 

 del and Crafts were unable to prepare. Instead they obtained variable 

 mixtures. Tbey describe, however, a definite alnminum-phenyl, which 

 serves as a starting point for still other syntheses. (Ann. Chim. Phys. 

 (6), XIV, 433.) 



The application of aluminum chloride to organic syntheses in the 

 fatty series has also been studied by Combes {ibid., xii, 199), with ref- 

 erence to diphenyl by Adam {ibid., xv, 224), and in connection with 

 naphthalene derivatives by Koux {ibid., xir, 289). 



Tnosite. — This substance, isomeric with glucose, has been elaborately 

 studied by Maquenne. With acids it yields ethers which prove it to 

 be a hexatomic alcohol, while with reducing and oxydizing agents it 

 gives derivatives belonging in the aromatic series. Its constitution, 

 therefore, seems to be "hexagonal" like that of benzene; but the evi- 

 dence leads Maquenne to suppose that it contains no double bonds and 

 is to be regarded rather as a derivative of hexamethyleue. As existing 

 in plants it is perhaps an intermediary between the fatty and the aro- 

 matic componnds, and one of the sources from which the natural ben- 

 zene derivatives originate. (Am. Chim. Phys. (6), xii, 80.) 



Perseite. — Maquenne, in a new research upon this carbohydrate, finds 

 by Eaoult's method that its molecular weight is represented by the 

 formula C6H]406. It acts as a hexatomic alcohol, and its hexacetate, 

 hexnitrate, etc., are described. (Compt. Rend., cvi, 1235.) 



In a later paper Maquenne revises his former conclusions, and shows 

 that i)erseite is really a heptavalent alcohol of formula CHigOt. On 

 treatment with boiling hydriodic acid it yields heptine, C7H12. (Compt. 

 Rend., cvii, 583.) 



Gyaminin and j)lildn. — Two new carbohydrates, isomeric with inulin, 

 are given the above names by Ekstrand and Johanson. The first is de- 

 rived from the rhizomes of Trisetum alpesire ; the second from Phleum 

 pratense. (Berichte, xxi, 594.) 



Cadaverin. — This base, derived from putrefaction, has been identified 

 by Ladenburg as pentamethylenediamine. Both cadaverin and the 

 synthetic compound form the same double salt with mei'curic chloride. 

 (Berichte, xx, 2217.) 



