BOTANY. 479 



euces in the wood. He finds, however, that the species of most of the 

 tribes, such as Genistece, Dalhergiece^ etc., do exhibit common char- 

 acters, and in a few genera, e. //., Cassia, Cercis, Podalyria, Sophora, the 

 species may be distinguished by histological characters. The structure 

 of the Chenojwdiacecc has been worked out in an elaborate manner by 

 Professor St. Gheroghieflf (Bot. Ceutralbl., xxxaiid xxxi), and he finds 

 that many species may be distinguished by the histological elements of 

 stem or roots. 



The further contributions to this same general subject have been 

 unusually numerous. A few only may be mentioned by title: Daguil- 

 lon, "Structure of the Leavesof Certain Conifene" (Bull. Sec. Bot. France, 

 XXXV); Flot, "Aerial Stems" (/. c); Baillon. "Ovules of Plantago" 

 (Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn., Paris, 1887); Penzig, "Anatomy and Diseases 

 oftheAurantiacea?" (Rome, 1887); Halsted, "Trigger-hairs of the Thistle- 

 flower" (Torr. Bull., xv) ; Schenck, "Anatomy of Water Plants" (Uhl- 

 worm u. Haenstein's Bibliot. Bot., i) ; Coulter and Rose," Development 

 of the Fruit of Umbellifeme" (Bot. Gaz., xii). 



The literature relating to the fertilization of flowers has been particu- 

 larly extensive, and during the year much valuable information has been 

 obtained. Thus Hildebrandt (Bot. Zeit., XLV), has studied the fertiliza- 

 tion of Oxalis, and i)articularly the trimorphic forms. For example, in 

 Oxalis Boiciei the short-styled form was found to be only imj)erfectly 

 fertile when polinated with its own pollen, and the seedlings from this 

 form produced only mid-styled plants, while the short-styled crossed 

 with the mid-styled produced mid-styled plants exclusively. Many other 

 equally iiiterestiug results were brought out. Burck (Ann. Jard. Bot. 

 Buitenzorg, vi), who has been working on heterostylism and self fertiliza- 

 tion, announces the finding of transition forms between dimorphic and 

 trimorphic flowers in species of Conarins, Averrhoa, etc. Robertson, 

 (Bot. Gaz., XII), describes the method of fertilization of Calopogon parvi- 

 Jiorus^ asserting that it is accomplished by small bees; Lindmau (Bot. 

 Centralbl., xxxii), describes methods for fertilization of certain Ali)iue 

 plants, and Magnus (Bot. Contralbl., xxxiii), has studied the pollina- 

 tion of /Si/ene tn/fo to. Jordan's paper, "Beitr. z. physiologischen Or- 

 ganography d.Blumen "(Ber.deutsch. Bot. Gesell., V), isoneof themost 

 extensive. He studied flowers representing three classes, viz: Actino- 

 morphic honey-flowers, Actinomorpliic pollen flowers, and Zygomorphio 

 honey-flowers. He found in all an evident adaptation for cross fertiliza- 

 tion by aid of insects. The polination of ZamiiehelUa lyalustris is de- 

 scribed by Roze (Morot's Journ. Bot., i). The single stamen is located 

 at the base of the cui)uliform perigyne, which includes from one to six 

 pistils, is at first almost sessile, bnt just before flowering the filament 

 elongates and carries the anther above the pistils and the i)oHen in fal- 

 ling is caught by the funnel-shaped stigmas. MacLeod (Arch, de Biol., 

 VII), has added a sort of appendix to the great work of IMiiller on the 

 fertilization of flowers. 



