500 



RECORD OF SCIENCE FOR 1887 AND 1888. 



volume as a separate thing, after giving the publisher, until the mo. is 

 reached. 



A glance at the bibliography accompanying this summary will exhibit 

 the abbreviations for lougei- words, and the following table Avill suffice 

 for sinsrle-letter abbreviations: 



a., aan, alia, auf, aus, aux, etc. 



b., bei, bij, etc. 



<1., das, degli, del, der, die, diu, etc. 



E., oast. 



e., eiii, eiue, eiiier, etc. 



f., for, for, fra, fiir, etc. 



g , goili. 



b., bet. 



J., Jornal, Jonrnal. 



K., Kaiserlicb, Kouiglicb, Kouinklijke. 



K. K., Kaiserlicb Koniglicb. 



L, las, les, los, etc. 



M., Medical, Medicine, Medico, etc. 



in., mit. 



N., u., Nene, new, uouveau, uuova, uya, 



North, etc. 

 u. F., ueiie Folge. 



o., ocb, oder, over. 



])., par, pei, pel, ponr. 



Q., Quarterly. 



R., Raekke, Reeks. 



r., reale. 



8., Snrgery, Surgical. 



8., series; e. g., 1 s., '2 s., etc. ; n. b., new 



series ; sulla. 

 t., tegeu, ter, till, tot, etc. 

 n., imd. 

 ii., liber. 



v., van, vid, von, voor, vor, etc. 

 V. p., vjirious places of publication. 

 V. 8., various sizes. 

 W., west, 

 z., zur. 



In the Bulletin of the Anthropological Society of Lyon, E. Chantre 

 gives a list of the laboratories and public collections in Italy relating to 

 man. (1887, 163-105.) 



There are already a number of excellent guide books for investiga- 

 tors, but Dr. Emil Schmidt added one more, entitled Anthropologische 

 Methodeu, Anleitung zum Beobachten und Sammeln liir Laboratorium 

 und Keise. (Leipzig (188S). 333 p., tigs., Svo.) 



BIOLOGY OF MAN. 



Progress in human biology has been along many lines. The one most 

 persistently followed is that supposed to lead to the source of the species. 

 In the method of man's appearance on earth there are two sets of phe- 

 nomena to be distinguished, the establishment of the fact of his origin 

 and the proper answer to the question, How did this fact come to be. M. 

 Topinard well states the latter case in the following words: Tliere are 

 two general processes of evolution, the one by the transfiguration of 

 species, according to Broca, the other by transformation, according to 

 Darwin. Darwin's method is by natural selection, Lamarck's method is 

 by adaptation to external circumstances of an organism stimulated by 

 internal needs. 



The Pr6cis d'anthropologie of Hovelacque and Herve gives a fresh 

 impetus to the polygenic theory of man's origin. The evolution theory 

 is accepted, but men were evolved in more than one center and from 

 more than one pair. This revived the suggestion made some years ago 

 of two races of men originating at the north and the south-pole, respect- 

 ively. The polygenic origin of our race is also advocated in M. Debierre's 



