ANTHROPOLOGY. 505 



and idio.^yncrasies of mind, of unusual states of mind exhibited in 

 ecstasy, liypnotism, and mind readin,;:? ; psycliophysics and the physical 

 substratum of mental operations, and various other recondite problems 

 not amenable to classification. 



The lirst series of investigation to consider relates to what Madame 

 Clemence Royer calls L'evolution mentaledans la serieorganique. It has 

 at present a si)eculative rather than ai)ractical manifestation. But the 

 inquiry about the Unseen from which our spirits come and to which 

 they return continues to excite the pens of such philosophers as Huxley, 

 Gladstone, Du BoisReymond, Virchow, and Quatrefages. 



A more practical form of investigation is that which treats mentality 

 as a branch of nature with its individual growths from the egg, in its 

 genera and species, relation to environment, and so forth. And so we 

 follow with pleasure and without embarrassment M. Pietrement in his 

 study of hunting dogs, Romanes in his matchless studies in the intelli- 

 gence of animals. Sir John Lubbock long ago conducted important in- 

 vestigations along the same line, and the studies of Professor Cooke 

 are still fresh in our memories. The most interesting query started by 

 Lubbock inquires into the existence of other organs of sense than our?.. 

 The natural history of intelligence, by which is meant the attempt to 

 apply the study of origin, growth, development, chorology, etc., to 

 mental processes has received great encouragement from the observa- 

 tion of animals. In our own country George and Elizabeth Peckham 

 have experimented on spiders and wasps, and in England Sir John Lub- 

 bock published a volume on the senses, instincts, and intelligencie of 

 animals, with special reference to insects. 



The genius of the investigation may be apprehended in the following 

 paragraph : 



" We find in animals complex organs of sense, richly supplied with 

 nerves, but the function of which we are as yet powerless to explain. 

 Tiiere may be fifty other senses as different from ours as sound is from 

 sight, and even within the boundaries of our own senses there may be 

 endless sounds which we can not hear, and colors as difterent as red 

 from green, of which we have no conception. These and a thousand 

 other questions remain for solution. The familiar world which sur- 

 rounds us may be a totally different place to other animals. To them 

 it may be full of music which we can not hear, of sensations we can not 

 conceive. To place stuffed birds and beasts in glass cases, to arrange 

 insects in cabinets and dried plants in drawers, is merely the drudgery 

 and preliminary of study ; to watch their habits, to understand their re- 

 lations to one another, to study their instincts and intelligence, to as- 

 certain their adaptations and their relations to the forces of nature, to 

 realize what the world appears to them ; these constitute, as it seems 

 to me, at least, the true interests of natural history, and may even give 

 us the clue to senses and perceptions of which at present we have no 

 concejition." 



