512 



RECORD OF SCIENCE FOR 1887 AND 1888. 



J. W. Powell. Dr. D. W. Brintou has also published notes ou Amer- 

 ican ethnology. The following works have special reference : 



Aztecs : H. W. Hayues, Lucieu Biart. 



Beotbucs: Lady Edith Blake. 



British Cohimbia : Fiauz Boas. 



California peninsula : H. Ten Kate. 



Canada: E. Hamy. (It must also be 

 kept in mind that the British asso- 

 ciation appointed a special comn)it- 

 tee to study the Indians of the Do- 

 minion of Canada. ) 



Delaware or Lenape : D. G. Brintou. 



Eskimo :H. Kink, Soren Hansen, A. 11. 

 Keane, Emile Petitot. 



Kwakiutl: Franz Boas. 



Missisaquas: A. F. Chamberlain. 



Mandaus : Dr. Washingtou Matthews. 



Selish ludians of Paget Sound : M. Eells. 



F.— Middle America. 

 Antilles: Leon de Rosuy. 

 Caribs : Pero de la Borde. 



Central America: Leon Laloy. 

 Costa Rica: Wilhelm Herzog. 

 Maya: F. A. de Rochefaucould. 

 Mexico: C. Breker, A. Baker, Alf. Chav- 



ei'o. 

 Panama: A. Piuart. 

 Toltecs, were they a historic nation : D. 



G. Brinton. 



G. — South Amekica. 



Amazon tribes : J. F. Smith. 



Botocudos of Espiritu Santo and Minas 



Geraes : P. Ehrenreich. 

 Fuegians : Dr. Hyades, G. Sergi, 

 Guiana: H. A. Condreau, H. Ten Kate. 

 Paraguay: Dr. Stewart. 

 Peru : O. Ordinaire. 

 Venezuela : A. Ernst. 



LANGUAGE. 



By many anthropologists language is placed among the biological 

 sciences. Such liberties with the terui, however, would consign the 

 whole study of man to the realm of biology. In reality the true start- 

 ing point of anthropology is the study of invention, the consideration 

 of all those devices, institutions, ways and means through which our 

 race has made its progressive journey. 



Among the inventions or institutions that lie at the foundation of 

 culture, the most universal in time and place is language, or devices for 

 the communication of thought. 



The science of glossology is the anthropology or natural history of 

 speech. It therefore is concerned with origins, with classifications, 

 with life histories, with variation under stress, with as many questions 

 as would be asked about plants or animals. 



Indeed, the very first problem that confronts us is this : How far have 

 the animals anticipated us in speech ; to what extent have they been 

 our teachers, and what suggestions of their activities and natural qual- 

 ities have helped in forming the vocabularies of the world. 



Close on the heels of this inquiry comes the subject of gesture-lan- 

 guage, to the study of which Col. Garrick Mallery has devofed so many 

 years of patient research. The result of his labors, with references to 

 further authorities, are to be found in the publications of the Bureau of 

 Ethnology. 



Upon the biological side have appeared such works as Ilaudman 

 upon the human voice and language in physiological i)sychology, Loew- 

 enberg's physiological researches on nasal vowels, Marique upon the 



