APPENDIX II 327 



Of course, in making reference to the monthly hsts of insects on 

 the wing, allowance mnst be made for the forwardness or backward- 

 ness of the seasons. Thus, an insect entered in the April list may 

 appear in March in an exceptionally warm season, but may not 

 emerge till the early part of May if the spring has been unusually 

 severe. 



It will be observed that in cases where all the species of a 

 certain genus or family appear on the wing in the same month, the 

 name of that genus or family is entered on the list instead of the 

 names of the individual species ; but the latter can easily be obtained 

 by reference to Appendix I. 



JANUARY 



There is not much field work to be done during this month. If 

 the weather is very severe, hardly an insect will be found on the 

 wing ; but a mild January will sometimes entice the Brimstone 

 ButterHy {Rhavini) and some of the hybernating "N'anessas fi'om 

 their winter quarters. 



Hj'bernating moths maj' also be met with, on the wing if the 

 weather is mild, or sleeping in their sheltered nooks dming the 

 frosts. These include several Noctuce — Auriconta, Litliargijria, 

 Suffusa, Vaccinii, Spadicea, Eri)throcepliala, Satellitia, Buhiginea, 

 Croceago, Vetusta, Exoleta, Oniitliopiis, Furcifera, Semibrunnea, 

 Socia, and Lihatrix ; and also a few Gcomctrcc — Zonaria, 

 Fluviata, Duhitata, Siterata, and Miata. 



In addition to these hybernating insects, the collector may 

 examine tree trunks and fences for the Early Moth {Rupicapraria), 

 and late specimens of the "Winter Moth (Brumata) ; and towards the 

 end of the month he may expect to meet with fresh specimens of 

 the Pale Brindled Beauty {Pcdaria) and the Spring Usher [Lcuco- 

 pliaaria). A few of the Tinecc may also be seen. 



The net need not be used at all during the colder months of the 

 year, as the moths are easily taken in pill boxes from the trunks 

 and fences on which they rest. 



Pupa digging maj' be carried on throughout the month if the 

 A\ Gather is sufticientl3^ mild, but it is of no use attempting this 

 during a fi-ost. Hybernating larvte may also be searched out of 

 their winter quarters if the collector does not mind giving them the 

 attention they require ; but, as a rule, it is better to wait till they 

 themselves start out to feed in the spring, at which time all their 

 food plants are showing leaf. 



FEBRUARY 



Our remarks under ' January ' concerning pupa digging and 

 other work apply e(j[ualJy well to this month. The same hybernat- 

 ing butterdies and moths mav be looked for ; and, in addition to 



