THE EARLY TEMPLE AND PYRAMID BUILDERS. 105 

 V. — THE WORK OF THE TWENTY-FIFTH DYNASTY. 



There was another invasion from Syria, which founded the twenty- 

 second dynasty, and again the government is carried on in cities with 

 east and west walls (Sais, Tanis, andBubastis). The solstitial solar 

 priests of Thebes withdraw to Ethiopia. They return, however, in 700 

 B. c, drive out the Syrian invaders, and, under Shabaka and Taharga, 

 found a dynasty (the twenty-fifth) at Thebes, and embellish the solsti- 

 tial solar temples there. 



VI. — ANTHROPOLOaiCAL EVIDENCE. 



It will be seen then that a general survey of Egyptian history does 

 suggest conflict between two races, and this, of course, goes to 

 strengthen the view that the temple building phenomena suggest two 

 different w^orships, depending upon race distinctions. 



V\e have next to ask if there is any anthropological evidence at our 

 disposal. It so happens that Yirchow has directed his attention to 

 this very point.* 



Premising that a strong race distinction is recognized between i^eo- 

 ples having brachycephalic or short, and dolichocephalic or long, skulls, 

 and that the African races belong to the latter group, I may give the 

 following extract from his paper: 



"The craniological type in the ancient empire was different from that 

 in the middle and new. The skulls from the ancient empire are brachy- 

 cephalic, those from the new and of the present day are either dolcho- 

 cephalic or mesaticephalic; the difference is therefore at least as 

 great as that between the dolichocephalc skulls of the Frankish graves 

 and the predominantly brachycephalic skulls of the present population 

 of South Germany. I do not deny that we have hitherto had at our 

 disposal only a very limited luimber of skulls from the ancient empire 

 which have been certainly determined; that therefore the question 

 whether the brachycephalic skull-type deduced from these was the 

 general or at least the predominant one can not yet be answered with 

 certainty, but I may appeal to the fact that the sculptors of the ancient 

 empire made the brachycephalic type the basis of their Avorks of art, 

 too." 



It will be seen then that the anthropological as well as the histor- 

 ical evidence "runs on all fours" with the results to be obtained from 

 such a study of the old astronomy as the temples afford us. 



* Prof. R. Virchow: " Land unci Leute iui alteu und ueueu Aegypten." Verhand- 

 htngen der Gesehchafft fur Erdkunde zu Berlin, Band xv, No. 9, pp. 434-436. 



