THE AMERICAN CHEMIST. 243 



related to sstudies of the properties of eliemical elemeiitiji or their inor- 

 gauic compounds, and fifteen to studies in organic chemistry — none of 

 them very deep, perhaps, hut still on a liigher plane than heretofore; 

 only fifteen related to analysis of minerals or mineral waters, six or 

 eight to technical matters, and seven to analytical methods; the remain- 

 der were on miscellaneous topics, mostly of subordinate importance. 

 About twenty-tive of the whole number of papers were contributed by 

 Dr. Robert Hare, many of them very short, and, as in previous years, 

 on new forms of apparatus or new methods of preparati(m of substances, 

 in the devising of which he appears to have been very ingenious. No 

 other single writer was so prominent in the records of either this or the 

 preceding decades. 



In the fortk-fi (184S), a new periodical was added, tlie Transactions of 

 the American Association for the Advancement of tScience. Furtlicrmore, 

 original work in chemistry took a wonderful start; and well it might; 

 for such names appeared, familiar enough to some of the oldest of us, 

 if not to the younger men m my audience, as W. B. and K. E. Rogers, 

 the llrst of whom afterwards took an imiiortant part in the organiza- 

 tion of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; J. Lawrence 

 Smith, 0. U. Shei)ard, John W. Draper, T. Sterry Hunt, E. N. Hors- 

 ford, and W. Gibbs, many of whom had received their inspiration m 

 the laboratories of Germany. Smith studied under Ortila, Dumas, and 

 Liebig; Draper, a native of England, under Dr. Turner, of the Uni- 

 versity of London; Horsford under Liebig; Dr. Gibbs under Rammels- 

 burg, Rose, Liebig, and Regnault. 



Over a hundred papers appeared in the periodicals above named, 

 and, while greater length does not necessarily mean much, nevertheless 

 when i)apers of ten, fifteen, twenty pages or over, are the rule, rather 

 than papers of two to four or five pages, it is not far out of the way to 

 suppose that when such men as these I have named, and Silliman and 

 Hare, write them, they are not made up of padding. Classifying these 

 hundred or more papers roughly, about forty-three of them may ju'op- 

 erly be called purely scientific papers on inorganic chemistry, t\^euty 

 on organic chemistry, twenty on analyses of minerals and waters, ten 

 on analytical chemistry, and the rest on technical or other topics more 

 removed from pure science. J. Lawrence Smith contributed eight of 

 these papers; Hunt, ten; the Rogers brothers, eight. Dr. Hare was 

 still prolific, contributing eight papers. Eight of the i)apers were 

 purely theoretical, such as those on "The idea of an atom suggested 

 by the phenomena of weight and temperature;" "Allotroiiism of 

 chlorine as connected with the theory of substitution;'" "Anomalies 

 presented in the atomic volumes of phosphorous and nitrogen;" "Prin- 

 ciples to be considered in chemical classification;" "Theory of com- 

 pound salt radicals." 



In the fifties about one hundred and seventy papers were published, 

 against one hundred in the ])recediug decade, classified as follows: 

 purely scientific, inorganic chemical work, about sixty; organic, eight; 



