512 THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL STATIONS OF EUROPE. 



afoot. And the Miuqiiier reefs, of especial biological interest, are but 

 9 miles to the southward. 



The station is a stone building of three stories. The aquarium, on 

 the ground floor, is mainly for purposes of exhibition, its adjoining 

 room serves to receive and assort the collected material. The second 

 story contains the museum and library, serving at the same time as a 

 demonstration hall, and upon the third floor are the partitioned com- 

 partments for the use of students and investigators. 



At St. Andrews, Prof. Macintosh has studied the questions relating 

 to the hatching and development of the North Sea fishes. Its situa- 

 tion upon the promontory leading into the Firth of Forth seems to have 

 been especially favorable for the study of the North Sea fauna, notably 

 of larval and embryonic stages of fishes, and the locality, moreover, 

 from its northern position represents a number of boreal forms. The 

 importance of St. Andrews is at length better recognized, and a sub- 

 stantial grant from the Government will enable a large and iiermanent 

 marine station to be here constructed. The facilities for work have, 

 up to the present time, been somewhat primitive — a simple wooden 

 building, single-storied, has been partitioned o& into small rooms, a 

 general laboratory, with work places for half a dozen investigators, a 

 director's room, aquarium, and a small out-lying engine house with 

 storage tanks. To the laboratory belongs a small sailboat to assist in 

 the work of collecting. 



III. — HOLLAND. 



Holland, in the summer of 1890, opened its zoological station in the 

 Helder, a locality which, for this purpose, had long been looked upon with 

 the greatest favor. (PI. xxx, fig. 2.) There is here an old town at 

 the mouth of the Zuyder Zee, the naval stronghold of Holland, a station 

 favorable for biological work on account of the rapid-running current 

 renewing the waters of the Zee. The station was founded by the support 

 of the Zoological Society of the Netherlands, whose valuable work by the 

 contributions of Hubrecht, Hoek, and Horst, has long been known in 

 connection with the development of the oyster industry of Holland. 

 The work of the society had formerly been carried on by means of a 

 j)ortable zoological station which the investigators caused to be trans- 

 planted to dift'erent points along the East Schelde, favorable on account 

 of their nearness to the supplies of spawning oysters. The present sta- 

 tion at the Helder is situated directly adjoining the great dike, a small 

 stone building, two story, surrounded by a small park, as seen in the 

 adjacent figure. In itself the laboratory is a model one. The rooms 

 are carefully finished, and every arrangement has been made to secure 

 working conveniences. A large vestibule leads directly into two labo- 

 ratory rooms and, by a hallway, communicates with the large, well- 

 lighted library and the rooms of the director. The aquarium room has, 



