THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL STATIONS OF EUROPE. 519 



versity of U])sal;i. Up to the ])res('iit time foreigners li;iv«' not been 

 admitted. 



Russians have ever ])een most enthusiastic in marine research, and 

 their investigators are to be found in nearly every marine station of 

 Europe. The French laboratory on tlie Mediterranean at Ville-Franche 

 is essentially su])ported by Russians. At Kai)les they are often next 

 in numbers to the Germans and Austrians. The learned societies of 

 Moscow and St. Petersburg have contributed in no little way to marine 

 research. The station at Sebastopol, on tlie Black Sea, has become 

 pernnxneut, possessing an assured income. That near the Convent 

 Solovetsky, on the White Sea, though small, is of marked importance. 

 It is already in its thirteenth year. Prof. Wagner, of St. Petersburg, 

 has been its most earnest promoter as Avell as constant visitor. He, 

 in fact, caused the superior of the convent to become interested in its 

 work and secured a permanent building by the convent's grant; he was 

 then enabled by an appropriation from the Government to provide an 

 equipment and is now agitating the matter of the appointment of a 

 permanent director. The annual maintenance of the station is due to 

 the Society of Naturalists of St. Petersburg. Solovetskaia is said to 

 l)0ssess the richest collecting region of the Russian coasts. Its lab- 

 ratory is certainly the only one which has at its command a truly Arctic 

 fauna. 



