588 MIGRATIONS OF RACES OF MEN CONSIDERED HISTORICALLY. 



way, save as i)roduceis by i)liysical labor of material wealth. None is 

 likely to develop toward any higher eoiiditiou than that in which it 

 now stands, save niider the tutelage, and by adopting so much as it 

 can of the cnltuie, of the live or six European ix'oples which have 

 practically appropriated the torrid zone, and are dividing its resources 

 between them. Yet the vast numbers to which, uiuler the conjoint 

 stimuli of science aiul peace, these inferior black and yellow races may 

 grow, coupled with the capacity some of them e\'ince for assimilating 

 the material side of European civilization, may enable them to play a 

 larger part in the future of the world than they have played in the 

 past. 



It is, of course, possible that the great European i:)eoples, or some of 

 them, may, after a few generations, acquire the power of thriving in 

 the tropics, of resisting malarial fevers, and of rearing an of('s[>ring 

 which need not be sent home to a cold climate during the years of boy- 

 hood. We may call it possible, because our experience is still too 

 short to justify us in calling it impoSvSible, But it seems so far from 

 probable tiiat in considering the future of the leading and ruling races 

 of the world we nuist practically leave their permanent settlement in 

 the tropics out of the question, and restrict our view to the two tem- 

 perate zones. In these, as has been said, there is no longer room and 

 verge for any great further removal of masses of men from one country 

 to another. If, indeed, we were merely to look at a map indicating the 

 comparative density of population in Northern Asia, Europe, and 

 America, and see how much denser it is in the agricultural parts of 

 France or Germany, for instance, than in Southwestern Siberia or the 

 noithwest of the United States and Canada, we might fancy the space 

 remaining to be suflicient for many centuries to come. But if we were 

 to compare such a map of to-day with a similar map of the world in 

 1780, and note how much of what would then have been marked as 

 empty space, including all the vast area between the Alleghanies and 

 the Pacific, has now been occupied, we shall realize the immense 

 advance that has been made towards the establishment of an equilib- 

 rium of population and the relative shortness of the future during 

 which we can look to emigration as a remedy for the evils which afHict 

 the toiling masses of Europe. In this respect, as in many others, the 

 world seems to be entering on a new era, whose phenomena will prove 

 unlike any that have gone before. 



It may be thought that as migrations have been a frequent cause of 

 war in the past, the establishment of such an eijuilibrium will make 

 for peace. But it must also be remembered that the pressure of each 

 nation on its neighbors, and of the members of each nation on one 

 another, tends to grow more severe with that severer struggle for sub- 

 sistence which increasing numbers involve, and which, after a few 

 more generations, the outlets that now still remain will no longer 

 relieve. 



