602 SUMMARY OF PROGRESS IN ANTHROPOLOGY. 



Socidicfi, — The iiaiiie of societies oigauized for the study of man 

 alone is k'giou. Add to this the sections of academies and institutes 

 of general science tliat have for their aim the study of whatever cou 

 cerns man, and with this condjine the work of other special societies 

 that bear in some fashion upon this latest of sciences, and the general 

 student becomes bewildered. These societies pul)lish Jouriuils, bulle- 

 tins, proceedings, memoirs, and even periodicals. 



Xot satislied with home societies, students in every enlightened 

 country combine in stated assemblies. Of these the chief are: Inter- 

 national Congress of Anthropology and Prehistoric^ Archi^ology, held 

 in 1893 in Moscow; Society of Americanists; Congress of Anthropology 

 at the World's Columbian Exposition, and the German Society of 

 Anthropology, held annually. 



Furthermore, each imtional association for the advancement of 

 science has a section of anthropology. To these belong Section II, 

 American Association for the Advancement of Science; Section of 

 Anthropology in the ]>ritish Association; Section of Anthropology in 

 theCerman Society of Xaturalists and Physicians; Section of Anthro- 

 pology in the French Association for the Advancement of Science. 

 And, of especial interest, the colonies of Germany, France, and Eng- 

 land have organized associations in the Orient based on those at 

 home. 



At the American Association for the Advancement of Science the 

 chief contributions to anthropology were as follows : The Biloxi Indians 

 of Louisiana, vice-presidential address by the Pev. J. Owen Horsey, 

 showing them to belong to the Siouan stock : The lecture of Dr. Brin- 

 ton upon " Early man," assigning to the human race as its birth-place 

 the nKHintainous zone extending from the western foot-slopes of the 

 Alps through the Hinmlayas nearly to the borders of the Yellow Sea: 

 The paper by Prof. W. H. Holmes on "Primal shaping arts;"' the 

 phenomena of the shaping arts are classitied by materials, processes, 

 function of the product, culture stage of the artist, by order of develop- 

 ment, and by peoples or races. 



The shaping art is set forth as follows : 



1. Fracturmn' pioressos 



f (t. Breaking. 

 j 1>. Splitting. 

 I c. Flaking. 

 [ d. Cbipjiing. 



I a. Bruising. 



2. Battering processes .. . i , „ i ■ 



" ' I It. Pecking. 



/ a. Grinding. 



3. Ahrading processes ^ b. Ru1>l;ing. 



( c. Polishing. 

 f a. Cutting. 



, T ■ ■ M*- Scraping. 



4. Incisiug ])roeesses -,.- i i r- 



I c. Picking. 



[ (1. Piereiug <'i' Itorinj 



