SUMMARY OF PROGRESS IN ANTHROPOLOGY. 609 



inaiiy as six appearing in some primates. The luiman molar, there- 

 lore, is a reversion to the leamrine type. Brinton allhrms that the study 

 of these traits in racial anatomy h^is no definite result. 



Two essays in the Contemporary Review, by Mr. Herbert Spencer, on 

 the insufficiency of "natural selection," were the occasion of many 

 papers by anthropologists representing a variety of points of view. 

 Notable among these should be read Cattell on Survival of the Fittest 

 and Sensation Areas, 



Prof. Hartnmnn publislied the second part of his second volume on 

 the anthroi)ological material in tbe Royal University at Berlin (Appen- 

 dix to Arch. f. Anthrop., xxii, pt. 3). The classes treated are: Old 

 Egyptian skulls; Guanches, of Tenerifte; Nigritians; modern Egyp- 

 tians; Bantu, Kaffirs and Bechuana; Khoi-Khoi, or Hottentots; San, 

 or Bushmen; Germans from the interior of Austria; Sloven; Finns. 



Ui)on the question of the color-sense among aborigines the experi- 

 ments of Blake and Franklin among American Indians are valuable. 

 It has been frequently affirmed that Indians do not know colors by 

 name, but Gatschef s researches contradict this. At Haskel Institute 

 four hundred and eighteen Indians of difl'erent tribes were tested, and 

 only three cases of color blindness found to exist — two for red and one 

 for green. These were males and all full blooded. This ratio of seven- 

 tentlis of 1 per cent as comi)ared with 5-36 per cent in Switzerland and 

 4-12 in Germany would seem to argue the diminution of the faculty of 

 color in civilization. [Science, New York, June 2.) Dr. J. Ambialet has 

 studied with great care the artificial deformation of the head called 

 Toulousiau and pul)lished his results in Vantliropologie (Paris, IV, 11- 

 27.) The paper is illustrated with many cuts, which add greatly to the 

 clearness of the text. The people of Toulouse bandage the heads of 

 their babies, and tliat compels the brain to grow out in other lines. 

 These Toulousians are naturally short-headed, but by the eftects of 

 the constrictions mentioned they come to be dolichocephalic or long- 

 headed and tlic skulls to be elongated, oval, pitched up at the occiput, 

 trapezoidal, bilobic, etc. 



The disastrous decrease of population in France has given rise to a 

 national association termed "Congres de la repopulation de la France." 

 This society held its session the current year in Paris, under the presi- 

 dency of Dr. Gustav Lagneau. Questions discussed were, assistance to 

 ))oor children; protection to women with child; modifications of fiscal 

 laws looking to increase of population; change of laws respecting 

 illegitimates, etc. Resolutions denouncing war and advocating dis- 

 armament were passed. 



The Marquis de Nadaillac has published a short ])aper {Science, Jan- 

 uary 27) on the extrem(\s of heat aiul cold endured by man. The fol- 

 lowing records in centigrade are (quoted: — 



English and Russian ofBcers, Maruchak, Afgliauistan, — 20^^ C- 

 Priuce Henry, Central Asin, — 40^ C. 



SM 93 39 



