61G SUMMARY OF PROGRESS IN ANTHROPOLOGY. 



The Solomon islanders are in the midst of a series of archipelagoes 

 whose population is often called melanoid or negroid. The studies of 

 Hagen lead to the conclusion that there is not here an unicjue type 

 {V Anthropologies Paris, iv, 215). Emigrants from the west, Malays and 

 Polynesians, or Malayo-Polynesians, according to the linguists, have 

 continually arrived there, following the currents and the winds, and 

 have profoundly modi lied the older elements, creating leally a Melano- 

 Polynesian type. 



GLOSSOLOGY. 



In the American Anthropologist (vi, 381-407) Messrs. Hewitt and 

 Borsey attack Duponceau's theory of polysynthesis in the Indian lan- 

 guages. Mr. Hewitt is a learned Iroquois, and Dr. Dorsey is as familiar 

 with Siouan languages as with his own. The former says: "The 

 materials of the language of the Iroquois consists of notional words — 

 nouns, verbs, adjectives; representative words — prefixive and inde- 

 pendent pronouns; relational words — adverbs, conjunctions, and suftix- 

 ive prepositions; and derivative elements, formatives and tlexions." 

 The distinctive nature and characteristic functions of these elements 

 can not be changed at will by any speaker. In the category of notional 

 words noun stems may not indifterently assume the functions of verb 

 stems or adjective stems. The comi»ound stems of word sentences may 

 become parts of speech when the linguistic sense has conie to regard 

 the separate meanings of the elements thus combined. This is para- 

 syuthesi.s. In the Iroquoiau speech all the developments of the lan- 

 guage expressed by the terms, word-sentence, stem-formation, and 

 indection are based primarily on the well-known princijde of juxtaposi- 

 tion and a more or less intimate fusion of elements, but the living and 

 traditional usage of the language has established the following mor- 

 phothetic canons: 



(1) The simple or compound stem of a notional word or of a word- 

 sentence may not be employed isolatedly without a prefixed simple or 

 complex personal pronoun or a gender sign or llexion, 



(2) Only two notional stems may be combined in the same word- 

 sentence, and they must be of the same part of speech. 



(3) The stem of a verb or adjective maybe combined with the stem 

 of a noun, and the stem of the verb or adjective nuist be placed after 

 and never before the noun stem. 



(4) An adjective stem may not be combined with a verb stem, but it 

 may unite with the formative auxiliary tha', to cause or male, and Avith 

 the inchoative 5. 



(5) A qualificative or other word or element may not be interposed 

 between the two combined stems of notional words, nor between the 

 simple or compound notional stem and its simi)le or complex pronominal 

 prefix, derivative and formative change being effected oidy by prefixing 



