622 SUMMARY OF PROGRESS IN ANTHROPOLOGY. 



work of lUirtels treatt<, first, of the medicine man and his diagnoses and 

 then discusses separately: (1) Tlie phenomena and means of sickness; 

 (2) the physician and his social standing; (3) diagnosis and names of dis- 

 eases; (4) medicines and their applications; (o) forms of medical pre- 

 scription; ((») water cure, by bathing, sweating, and drinking; (7) mas- 

 sage as such and in sorcery; (8) diet and other hygienic measures ; (9) 

 the methods of sorcery in healing; (10) special diseases, eye, ear, epi- 

 lepsy, etc.; (11) the prevention of diseases, epidemics; (12) surgery, 

 small and gross. Tlie indexes and bibliography of the work are most 

 useful to turther study. 



Upon the question of the settlement of America the author of this 

 summary at the World's Congress of Anthropology in Chicago took the 

 ground that the peopling of the American Continent from Asia is the 

 only hypothesis tenable upon present data. There never was known 

 to history a day in which commerce was not going on. Asiatic species 

 of animals have migrated in the present epoch. A series of land- 

 locked seas lie on a great circle from the Indian Ocean to Vancouver 

 Island. These seas abound in the best food products of the world. 

 Winds are favorable, oceanic movements are favorable, climate is 

 favorable. 



It is easier now to follow the currents of the ocean and the trade winds 

 than it is to oppose them. Indeed, one of the advanced movements of 

 civilization was in so doing. But the first migrants did not venture into 

 the great aerial and oceanic currents. They remained on the shallow 

 and land-locked water, where the food was most abundant and the 

 danger least. Migration could have derived much momentum from 

 the vis a fcrgo, applied by hostile men or favoring winds and currents. 

 But we must look for the strongest motive in the active desires for food, 

 defense, shelter, adventure, etc. 



.ESTHOLOGY OR THE SCIENCE OF BEAUTY. 



The arts of pleasure are now studied on the side of technical evolu- 

 tion or elaboration. The forms and colors of art objects are derived 

 from natural objects oi- from other art objects of a simpler culture stage. 

 The departures from the lines of nature are referred to the Avant of 

 skill in the aitist, the want of vision or imagination, and the technical 

 limitations or least-resistance lines of the material. 



As in the evolution of the industrial arts, the invention, the inventor, 

 and the public want grow and are dwarfed co-ordinately, so in the fine 

 arts. The best illustration of the union of minds in one complicated 

 sesthetic effect the world has ever seen was the buildings of the Chicago 

 Exposition. The union of the plans of a dozen geniuses of structure 

 and decoration formed a kind of artist trust or combine, the last step 

 in the synthesis of the ])eautiful. 



The charm of this artistic climax was enhanced by the presence on 

 the grounds and in the buildings of all forms of art — textile, fictile, 

 coloring, graphic, glyphic, tonic, landscape, and architectural. These 



