654 NORTH amp:rican bows, arrows, and quivers. 



form of their arrow-lieads. Of the ancient inliabitants of this conti- 

 nent the perishable material of arrows constituting the shaft and other 

 parts has rotted and left us naught but the stone heads. Even those of 

 bone and wood and other material have passed away, so as to leave the 

 impression that the Indians of this eastern region used only stone; but 

 all authorities agree that otlier substances were employed quite as 

 freijuently as the last named. 



There are as many ways of classifying arrows as there are parts of 

 the arrow, and more, some important parts furnishing several classific 

 concepts. These will be set down as they occur without regard to order, 

 each time seeking to exhanst the arrow. 



Uubarhed — Desij^iicd to be withdrawn froiii the. wound. 



it-,,- S Fishinn'. 



Retneviiiu. . ., . - '^ 



I - ) Hiiutmg. 



BarWed ^ n i i- S Hnntin<f. 



Lankhng... J^^.^^j. - 



I Entangling. 



The concept here is especially the existence and function of the 



barb, rather than number and structure of i)arts. 



Simple, entire, nionoxylic. 



(,,,.. , < Shaft. 



()1 two iinrts <^ ■ ,.. , 



' ^ I'ore-shatt and point. 



I ( Shaft. 



Sh ft ^ * *' tliree j)arts s Loose-shaft. 



"l f Fore-shaft and point. 



1 i Shaft. 



I Also ■' Fore-shaft and ])oint. 



[ ( Noek-piece footing. 



As to the feathering, arrows are (1) without feather; (1*) two feathered; 

 (3) three or more feathered ; and, as to the attachments, (1) glued to 

 the shaft; (2) fastened only at the ends; (3) with the quill inserted at 

 its ends into the arrow shaft. The nock of American arrows are (1) 

 Hat as in the hyperborean zone; (2) bulbous or spread, as in Canada 

 and North United States; (3) cyliiulrical, as in California and the 

 sonthern tier of States. (Plates xl-lx.) 



There are innumerable references to ancient arrow makers among 

 the North American Indians, but the piobability is tliatthe life history 

 of the bowyer is repeate<l in that of the superannuated tietcher. First 

 comes the boy struggling through his primitive institute of technology, 

 then the warrior or hunter, skillful in making an arrow and in Avearing 

 it out. Last of all he takes the wings of Hermes from his feet and 

 spends his closing years in making arrows for his sons. 



There was, according to Chi[)pewa tradition, a particuhir class of 

 men among our Northern tribes, before the introduction of firearms, 

 called makers of arrow-heads. The same is related by other Algon- 

 kians.* Longfellow's ancient arrow-maker will occur to every reader at 

 once. 



Theoi)erations of constructing one of the more elaborate American 



' Schooleraft, S. Rp., vol. in, p. 81. 



